Anonymous and uninhibited: sexual encounters during the international sojourn

Previous research has focused on sex and romance tourism, but there has been little investigation into the relationships and sexual behaviour of international students, who constitute an important and growing segment of the international tourist population. This study used a narrative interview approach to explore international students’ sexual encounters during their sojourn. The findings show that participants made changes to their sexual behaviour and attitudes during the academic sojourn, which were understood to be temporary. Such change was encouraged by the group norms of the international friendship network and by the anonymity conferred by distance from the home culture. Of significance to participants was the challenge posed to gender roles: traditional conceptions of femininity were put aside for the duration of the year abroad.     

Microfoundations for stakeholder theory: Managing stakeholders with heterogeneous motives

Instrumental stakeholder theory proposes a positive relationship between fairness toward stakeholders and firm performance. Yet, some firms are successful with an arms‐length approach to stakeholder management, based on bargaining power rather than fairness. We address this puzzle by relaxing the assumption that all stakeholders care about fairness. Empirical evidence from behavioral economics and social psychology suggests that firms face a population of potential stakeholders that consists not only of so‐called ‘reciprocators,’ who do care about fairness, but also of self‐regarding stakeholders, who do not. We propose that a fairness approach is more effective in attracting, retaining, and motivating reciprocal stakeholders to create value, while an arms‐length approach is more effective in motivating self‐regarding stakeholders and in attracting and retaining self‐regarding stakeholders with high bargaining power. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

环境不确定状态下关系价值的实现路径

关注企业在价值网络中面临的外部环境,采用回归分析法检验了环境不确定、关系导向、信息共享对关系价值实现的影响。结果表明:不确定环境对长期关系导向有正向影响,且间接影响信息共享的内容和质量;长期关系导向对信息共享的内容和质量有正向影响,且间接影响关系价值;信息共享内容和质量直接影响关系价值。建议:处于复杂环境中的企业须树立长期关系导向、摈弃机会主义、共享高质量信息,这样才有助于实现关系价值。     

社会创业导向、知识管理能力与NPO绩效的关系

以知识管理能力作为中介变量,将非营利组织(nonprofit organizations,NPO)的绩效分解为社会绩效和财务绩效,构建了社会创业导向与NPO绩效关联的理论模型。利用针对158家NPO所做的问卷调查的数据,借助结构方程建模等对理论模型进行实证分析。结果表明:社会创业导向、知识管理能力对NPO的社会绩效和财务绩效均有显著的正向影响;知识管理能力在社会创业导向与NPO的社会绩效和财务绩效的关系中分别具有部分中介作用和完全中介作用。     

Socialization Tactics of New Retail Employees: A Pathway to Organizational Commitment

To address the prevailing issue of high turnover and low employee commitment in the retail industry, this study explores the role of newcomers’ individual differences and proactive socialization tactics in developing employee organizational commitment and reducing employee turnover. Based on data collected from 239 employees in a major U.S. retail store chain, this study found that individual differences, such as goal orientation and proactivity, are significantly related to employees’ choices of different socialization tactics, including inquiry, observation, and networking. The three tactics are associated with organizational commitment and furthermore employees’ actual turnover mainly through role clarity and attitudes toward a retail career. Among the three proactive socialization tactics, observation plays the most important role in the socialization process.     

Performance or learning goal orientation: Implications for business performance

An organization's long-term effectiveness and efficiency reflect its learning goal or performance goal orientation. Goal orientation concepts originate in psychology of achievement motivation theory. Goal orientations drive the development and deployment of organizational capabilities, such as market orientation and innovativeness to achieve organizational performance outcomes. Extant research pays little attention to whether or not industry type (services or manufacturing) operates as a significant moderating factor in the relationships among an organization's capabilities, goal orientation, and performance outcomes. This study addresses this gap. The study results indicate a significant moderating effect of industry type on relationship between goal orientation and performance but not between goal orientation and either market orientation or innovativeness. Goal orientation appears to be more important for service industries than for manufacturing.     

Shopping value orientation: Conceptualization and measurement

Consumers exhibit diversified shopping value in a highly competitive retail environment, which entails investigating multiple dimensions of consumer shopping value orientation that are important in determining an appropriate retail approach. To capture diverse aspects of consumer shopping value orientation, this study developed a comprehensive measurement which would (1) encompass both benefit and cost components, (2) embrace the domain beyond the boundary of product focus, and (3) comprise both utilitarian and hedonic aspects. Employing an extensive literature review, focus group and personal interviews, and surveys, this study developed the nine-dimensional shopping value orientation (SVO) measure. The measure was validated with multiple tests such as convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity. Its applicability in the retail setting was demonstrated with cluster analysis accompanied by correspondence analysis. Implications for retailers as well as future research directions are provided.     

职业教育定位:观念反思与价值重树

纵观人类教育发展历史,现代职业教育的发展已有上百年的历程,经历了由不成体系到自成体系、由教育思想的依附到独立、由价值取向的知识本位到能力本位、由终结性职业教育到终身职业教育等的更替和发展。自20世纪80年代以来,伴随着我国社会经济的快速发展,一批以培养技术应用型为目标的面向经济、服务地方的高等职业院校应运而生,成为我国高等教育发展的一支新生力量,扩充和伸展了职业教育范围。但是我国高等职业教育在经历了孕育与起步、探索与实践、地位确立与大力发展等阶段后,突显了职业教育缺乏吸引力等问题,这就要求我们应该对职业教育的价值问题进行理性反思,在社会转型发展中对职业教育进行准确定位。本文对此进行探讨。     

家族企业人力资源的三维取向

家族企业是由家庭、管理和所有权三系统构成的复杂系统,在经营中经常面临家族优先、管理优先或所有权优先的决策。这种决策反映在用人上往住表现为重亲、重才或重忠的取向选择。家族企业用人标准的多维性和符合多维标准的人的供给有限性,是其不断遭遇人力资源障碍的根本原因。破解家族企业用人的约束条件,因势利导推进家族企业用人制度革新,对促进现阶段我国家族企业的健康发展有重要意义。     

劳动关系学科方向发展定位与专业设计

从社会需求导向来看,构建和谐的劳动关系已成为全社会的基本共识;从学科背景、知识结构及专业设置等方面来看,劳动关系与社会保障互相扶持,缺一不可。因此,在"复合型"立体式公共管理类人才培养模式下,劳动与社会保障专业应该设置社会保障、劳动关系两个方向,然后从教学模式、教学内容、教学方法和实践教学体系四个方面进行整体设计,从而形成该专业人才培养独特的品牌和价值观,破解该专业缺乏"异质性"的发展困境。在未来条件许可的情况下,可以将劳动关系设为独立专业,实现该专业和学科的发展壮大。