保护接地与保护接零应用分析

保护接地与保护接零是预防电气设备产生漏电时造成外壳带电而发生危险所采取的有效措施。当前,不少人对保护接地和保护接零在实际使用时不加区分,因此普及保护接地和保护接零知识,以实现安全用电很有必要。     

基于断裂点理论的皖江城市吸引范围研究

掌握城市带之间的吸引范围,有利于空间经济相互地合理组织与城市的空间发展。应用空间相互作用理论,城市规模分布等方法,可以分析皖江城市带各城市的综合实力,确定各自的吸引范围,讨论对南京对皖江城市带吸引范围的影响,阐述吸引范围同行政区域的关联性和差异,并对不同区域下的城市发展策略选择提供相关的对策建议。     

From innovation to market entry: a strategic management model for new technologies

In this paper, we introduce a new framework that generates a list of strategic actions to support successful management of the innovation process as new technologies are taken to market. The framework links different stakeholders inside and outside the organisation to obtain an holistic view of the requirements necessary to develop the new technology. It integrates and synthesises existing frameworks into an inclusive set of guidelines. The framework is then tested in a case study located in a mid-size semiconductor organisation currently seeking new business opportunities in the emerging photovoltaic market. We conclude by reflecting on the usefulness of the model. Theoretically, the paper contributes to the literature on the management of the introduction of new technologies; practically, the framework provides a normative tool for practising managers.     

我国高技术服务业研发机构科技创新效率评价

构建了高技术服务业研发机构科技创新效率评价指标体系。利用2010—2011年我国高技术服务业7个细分行业研发机构的科技创新活动数据,运用数据包络分析法,测度了2010—2011年我国高技术服务业7个细分行业研发机构的科技创新效率,比较了各细分行业研发机构的科技创新效率差异,并分析其原因。进而利用理想点模型,对2010—2011年我国高技术服务业研发机构的科技创新效率进行了排名。研究结果显示:我国高技术服务业研发机构的科技创新效率总体良好,但行业差异较大。最后,提出促进我国高技术服务业发展的对策建议。     

利益和谐语境下中国农业补贴的路径选择——以欧美农业补贴的借鉴为视角

农业是国民经济的基础,而农业补贴是对本国农业扶持与保护政策体系中最主要、最常用的政策工具。农业补贴的本质是实现多元利益的和谐,其有效运行离不开相关利益机制的作用。通过对欧美发达国家的农业补贴状况进行考量,针对中国农业补贴的运行现状及其反映出的制度缺陷,农业补贴制度的发展进路应以建构利益和谐为主线,从利益和谐互促、利益和谐共生和利益和谐的基点等视角,从宏观、中观和微观领域进行制度完善与创新。     

Attitude toward imprecise information

This paper presents an axiomatic model of decision making under uncertainty which incorporates objective but imprecise information. Information is assumed to take the form of a probability–possibility set, that is, a set P of probability measures on the state space. The decision maker is told that the true probability law lies in P and is assumed to rank pairs of the form (P,f) where f is an act mapping states into outcomes. The key representation result delivers maxmin expected utility (MEU) where the min operator ranges over a set of probability priors—just as in the MEU representation result of Gilboa and Schmeidler [Maxmin expected utility with a non-unique prior, J. Math. Econ. 18 (1989) 141–153]. However, unlike the MEU representation, the representation here also delivers a mapping, , which links the probability–possibility set, describing the available information, to the set of revealed priors. The mapping is shown to represent the decision maker's attitude to imprecise information: under our axioms, the set of representation priors is constituted as a selection from the probability–possibility set. This allows both expected utility when the selected set is a singleton and extreme pessimism when the selected set is the same as the probability–possibility set, i.e., is the identity mapping. We define a notion of comparative imprecision aversion and show it is characterized by inclusion of the sets of revealed probability distributions, irrespective of the utility functions that capture risk attitude. We also identify an explicit attitude toward imprecision that underlies usual hedging axioms. Finally, we characterize, under extra axioms, a more specific functional form, in which the set of selected probability distributions is obtained by (i) solving for the “mean value” of the probability–possibility set, and (ii) shrinking the probability–possibility set toward the mean value to a degree determined by preferences.     

中国政府间财政关系问题研究

1994年分税制改革是我国中央和地方财政关系的一次根本性变革,深刻影响了当今中国政府间关系的走向。分税制改革迄今已经实行了14年,它取得了怎样的成效,对我国政府间关系产生了怎样深刻的影响,同时这一改革还存在哪些明显的问题和隐患,这些问题直接关系到对中国分税制改革的评价和未来的发展前景,值得深入探讨。     

Design and Discussion of the Cofferdam and Well Point Drainage of the Reform Engineering of Sanbao Navigation Lock＇s Upstream

钱塘江向来以水文及地质条件复杂著称。以三堡一线船闸上游靠船墙改造工程实例,对钱塘江直立式围堰及井点设计与计算进行了总结与探讨。阐述了工程的重点与难点。介绍了围堰方案比选和施工方法。着重介绍了井点排水设计与施工方法。可供参考。     

浅谈电力系统中性点运行方式

电力系统中性点运行方式涉及电力系统许多方面。针对不同的接地点运行方式进行了比较。综合考虑各种因素,对于电力力系统中性点运行方式的选择提出了推荐性意见。