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101.
We give a survey of different partitioning methods that have been applied to bacterial taxonomy. We introduce a theoretical framework, which makes it possible to treat the various models in a unified way. The key concepts of our approach are prediction and storing of microbiological information in a Bayesian forecasting setting. We show that there is a close connection between classification and probabilistic identification and that, in fact, our approach ties these two concepts together in a coherent way. 相似文献
102.
Protecting human health is a primary goal of environmental policy and economic evaluation of health can help policy-makers judge the relative worth of alternative actions. Economists use two distinct approaches in normatively evaluating health. Whereas environmental economists use benefit-cost analysis supported by monetary valuation in terms of willingness-to-pay, health economists evaluate interventions based on cost-effectiveness or cost-utility analysis (CEA), using quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) or similar indexes. This paper provides background on the controversy about the relative merits of these approaches and introduces the remaining papers in the special issue. These papers (with one exception) were presented at a conference sponsored by the Department of Economics at the University of Central Florida with support from the US Environmental Protection Agency. Although CEA might not lead to substantially different implications for environmental policy than benefit-cost analysis, and QALY may provide a benefit transfer tool to fill gaps in the morbidity valuation literature, the papers in this issue raise serious concerns about the suitability of QALY-based CEA for environmental regulatory analysis. QALY does not in general appropriately represent individual preferences for health and CEA is neither independent of income distribution nor adequate to assess efficiency. 相似文献
103.
A Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Output Level and Growth in Poland and Western Economies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper uses Bayesian stochastic frontier methods to measure the productivity gap between Poland and Western countries that existed before the beginning of the main Polish economic reform. Using data for 20 Western economies, Poland and Yugoslavia (1980–1990) we estimate a translog stochastic frontier and make inference about individual efficiencies. Following the methodology proposed in our earlier work, we also decompose output growth into technical, efficiency and input changes and examine patterns of growth in the period under consideration. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
104.
105.
温州私营企业主现状及分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
温州经济是以私营经济为主 ,私营企业主对整个私营企业的发展具有决定性的影响。本文通过对 2 76位温州私企业主的访谈调查 ,对温州私企业主的年龄、性别、受教育程度、私营企业的规模、创立时间、原始积累、企业制度、管理人员与私企业主的关系、私企发展态势等多个问题的现 相似文献
106.
为探究生产安全事故的演化规律,基于长沙市2019—2020年生产安全事故的数据,从事故发生时间、发生区域、行业和领域分布、事故等级等方面进行分析。研究表明:2019—2020年事故数量和死亡人数呈下降趋势,1月、8月、10月事故数量和死亡人数较多,2月事故数量和死亡人数少;非主城区的事故数量和死亡人数高于主城区,事故数量和死亡人数在空间上的分布比较均衡;道路运输和工矿商贸行业在全市生产安全事故中占绝大多数;工矿商贸行业中,建筑施工行业的事故数量和死亡人数最多;一般事故所产生的事故数量和死亡人数最多,重大事故的事故死亡率最高。 相似文献
107.
108.
关兵 《世界贸易组织动态与研究》2013,(3):16-24
2013年1月16日,WTO与OECD共同推出了利用附加值统计方法计算出来的贸易数据,为重新测量国际贸易提供了新的视角。本文在诠释附加值贸易统计方法的内涵的基础上,分析了附加值贸易统计方法所带来的经济意义,通过对比传统贸易数据和附加值贸易数据,剖析了在附加值贸易统计方法下我国的对外贸易发展状况,并提出了该方法对我国对外贸易的发展启示。 相似文献
109.
The present paper investigates the differences in ethicalperceptions between Chinese and Singaporean employees. Twocontrasting predictions based on socialization theory are testedusing 142 Chinese and 141 Singaporean employees as subjects. Results show that Chinese employees tend to infer a greaterdegree of unethical (bribery and corrupt) intent than Singaporeanemployees in 17 of the 25 ethical vignettes. The converse isfound in only two and no significant differences are found in therest of the vignettes. Implications for international managersand assignees and researchers in international business workingon or in China are discussed. 相似文献
110.
Estimation bias in choice models with last choice feedback 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The study compares two estimation methods for choice models with last choice feedback, using simulated and real data. The first method ignores the impact of unobserved heterogeneity on observed choices via presample choices, while the second method approximates this impact by a stochastic relationship. In panels with less than 10 choices per panelist, the first method overstates the impact of last choice on current choice and understates the impact of intrinsic preferences (i.e., brand intercepts). The second method performs significantly better than the first method. Under both methods, an increase in the number of heterogeneous coefficients in the model tends to increase the bias in the estimates. The largest bias occurs when lagged choice coefficients are heterogeneous. 相似文献