Valuing customers for social network services

In the current Internet environment, many online service companies based on community factors (networks) produce and sell new types of digital products. For example, SNS (social network service) companies now sell customers digital decorative products for the adornment of online avatars. Not only do individual customers consume these digital products, but they also exchange them as gifts in their local neighborhoods. While previous studies on customer valuation (e.g. CLTV, RFM, etc.) focus on some important issues for identifying valuable customers, the literature does not resolve issues related to the effects on customer value of products purchased as gifts for another person. This study attempts to verify empirically the effects of two representative social network properties (tie strength and the number of ties) on customer monetary value.This study selects 2615 customers from a South Korean SNS website who enrolled on the site on the same day. Data include diverse purchase-related information, social network properties in terms of gift-giving for six months, and demographic information. The primary results of this study are as follows. First, the proposed model, which includes social network properties, has a great deal more explanatory power than the baseline model — the RFM-based customer value model. Second, tie strength and the number of ties in a gift-giving network increase customer value. Third, tie strength has a more profound impact on customer value than does the number of ties. The results of this study theoretically expand the domain of customer valuation studies due to the inclusion of social network properties, and suggest important practical implications for some online SNS companies in their efforts to find valuable customers and improve customer value.     

Executive succession: The importance of social capital in CEO appointments

Research Summary: Firm performance and corporate governance have been shown to influence CEO selection, but our understanding of the role of social capital is more limited. In this study, we seek to provide further insight into the role of social capital by examining the influence of both “bonding” and “bridging” forms of social capital on CEO appointments. We find that candidates who have relational social capital, in terms of overlap with the CEO in organizational tenure, board tenure, and CEO tenure are more likely to be appointed as CEO. We also find that candidates who have external linkages to the CEO in the form of geographic, prestigious university, and prior employment affiliations are more likely to be appointed CEO. Managerial Summary: The appointment of a new CEO has significant and widespread implications for the firm’s future strategic direction and performance, the relationship between the board and CEO, and perceptions by investors, employees, and other key stakeholders. Our study finds that candidates who have shared connections and experiences with the CEO in terms of geographic, prestigious university, or prior employment affiliations as well as overlap in terms of organizational tenure, board tenure, and CEO tenure are more likely to be appointed CEO. Given the enormous impact that executive appointments have on the strategic direction and performance of the company, it is important to recognize that social factors such as shared experiences and connections influence how candidates are perceived, and thus, may affect appointment decisions.     

普通似然及经验似然情况下的结点问题

本文在普通似然及经验似然情况下,分别对数据无结点和有结点的情况做了计算,得出在普通似然及经验似然问题中,有结点与无结点情况完全相同的结论。     

论实现世界旅游强国的人才建设

目前,我国旅游人才建设仍存在总量不足、分布不合理、结构不理想、急需人才缺乏、人才外流严重等问题,为此,需要在确立积极的人才资源开发目标和工作思路,实施人才队伍建设工程,创新用人机制,优化人才环境等方面作出积极的探索。     

管理者的社会关系与企业绩效——组织学习的中介作用

一些学者探讨了管理者的社会关系与企业绩效间的微观——宏观联系,但往往以财务绩效表示企业绩效,且缺乏关于管理者的社会关系对企业绩效影响机制的研究。本文基于战略的制度观,通过对企业绩效的细分并引入组织学习这一变量,探讨了管理者的商业关系和政治关系是如何通过组织学习的中介作用对企业的财务绩效和创新绩效产生不同影响的。研究表明,管理者的两类关系都能直接促进财务绩效的提升,且组织学习正向影响创新绩效,但它们对创新绩效的影响效果不同。管理者的商业关系直接正向影响创新绩效,同时也通过正向影响组织学习而间接促进企业创新。管理者的政治关系降低了组织学习并通过其中介作用抑制了企业创新。因此,应区别看待管理者的两类社会关系对企业绩效的影响。     

Identifying Worldviews on Corporate Sustainability: A Content Analysis of Corporate Sustainability Reports

Companies commonly issue sustainability or corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. This study seeks to understand worldviews of corporate sustainability, or the corporate message conveyed regarding what sustainability or CSR is and how to enact it. Content analysis of corporate sustainability reports is used to position each company report within stages of corporate sustainability. Results reveal that there are multiple coexisting worldviews of corporate sustainability, but the most dominant worldview is focused on the business case for sustainability, a position anchored in the weak sustainability paradigm. We contend that the business case and weak sustainability advanced in corporate sustainability reports and by the Global Reporting Initiative are poor representations of sustainability. Ecological embeddedness, or a locally responsive strategy that is sensitive to local ecosystems, may hold the key to improved ecological sensemaking, which in turn could lead to more mature levels of corporate sustainability worldviews that support strong sustainability and are rooted in environmental science. This must be supported by government regulation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

中国股票市场有效性实证分析

股票市场的有效性直接影响资金配置的效率,中国股市的有效性问题一直是业界讨论的焦点,其有效性的检验主要集中在市场是否具有弱式有效方面。本文依据Fama对股票市场的定义及三个层次市场对应的有效市场检验方法,对国内股市的有效性进行检验。首先使用沪、深两市日收益率数据,对各自日收益率之间的相关性进行检验,发现日收益率之间不存在自相关和偏自相关,由此认为中国股票市场弱式有效。然后采用事件研究法,以年报公布作为事件,以年报公布日前、后共30日,120支股票收益率数据为样本,对我国股票市场半强式有效性进行检验,结果发现年报公布日前、后超额收益存在明显变化,以此认为中国股市目前不符合半强有效市场的定义。最后对市场中存在的问题进行了分析,并给出了政策建议。     

创业拼凑、网络关系与新企业绩效——基于京津冀地区企业的实证分析

资源匮乏是企业发展过程中的重要绊脚石,化解此问题对新企业成长具有重要意义.从资源获取视角切入,基于资源基础理论和创业拼凑理论,探究创业拼凑对新企业绩效的作用机理,以及网络关系在两者之间的中介机制,对京津冀地区177家新企业问卷数据进行回归分析.结果表明:创业拼凑能够通过对内外资源的整合,实现对资源的即时利用,有助于企业绩效提升;拼凑行为的开展会推动企业积极构建商业关系与政府关系,进而作用于企业发展过程;良好政治关系有利于与合作伙伴等建立稳定的商业关系.研究结论有助于缓解新企业资源尴尬的窘境以及进一步为网络关系中资源的获取与转移使用提供新的视角.     

Social networks and electronic commerce in China∗

Communications technologies that make up the emerging global information infrastructure have the power to regulate online behavior. Social networks in Chinese society have survived the growth of formal legal institutions and liberalization of China's economy, but it is not clear whether they can survive the regulatory pressures created by global information technology networks. The spread of electronic commerce technologies in China may strengthen legal institutions and open local markets to international competition, but is likely to be resisted by all the same interests that resist those changes in other contexts. The Chinese response to the spread of electronic commerce might take several forms: assimilation; marginalization; or localization of new forms of commercial activity that rely on new technologies.     

大国消费品牌强国生产品牌

国际城市需要品牌,品牌造就国际城市,品牌需要国际城市的依托,而国际城市要凭借品牌的点缀.我们应该有条件进口一部分国际品牌,满足新生富裕阶层的需要,但只有输出品牌和服务,才标志着跨进强国的行列.在品牌经营上要实施差异化经营,这是对购物中心定位、大型百货店发展提出的要求,要扩大品牌在经营中的比例,同时,中国经营品牌化是一种趋势,要求品牌引进有重点,以完善小康型社会对商品需求为主体,采取多种形式使广大消费者认识品牌的价值,重视品牌的宣传和推介,提高和增强广大消费者的品牌意识.品牌体现的是商品价值,需要通过服务和营销才能把商品卖出去,需要相适应的精致服务和配套服务.要创建服务品牌,提高服务品牌的质量,提供与品牌商品相适应的服务方式和服务形式.