Administrative restructuring and land-use intensity—A spatial explicit perspective

BackgroundThe rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population explosion have ushered forth the era focusing on the efficient use of land resources to achieve sustainable development. “Intensive Land-Use Plan” was therefore proposed in the context of shifting the focus from “incremental planning” to “inventory planning” in rapidly developing countries, particularly China.MethodsWe develop our framework based on the hypothesis that administrative status has a spatial effect on intensive land use and explore this effect dynamically. In the first step, we summarized the different degrees of land-use intensity based on different administrative status (i.e., urban district, suburban district, county, county-level city, and district) and make categorizations. We also devised spatial models in multiple strategies embedded with different spatial weight matrices to the underlying driving forces using Wuhan agglomeration as the case.ResultsResults show that 1) urbanization, industrial structure, and retail sales of consumer goods are highly correlated with land-use intensity change, with all factors being positive; 2) the influences of different administrative status exist and strengthened in the past decade; the spatial interaction is greater when urban district is adjacent to district in the prefecture city in 2005 and 2015. In turn, this finding affirms the phenomenon that the administrative power has gradually strengthened, and the city centers are the most vibrant areas to compete for higher land-use efficiency.RecommendationThe emergence of diversified types of counties, such as urban districts and county-level cities, has further pressed the necessity to embed administrative influence in spatial regression. These findings provide theoretical basis for understanding the administrative dimension in new urbanization and have important policy implications on administrative adjustment and intensive land use.     

Innovation in foreign enterprises: the influence exerted by location and absorptive capacity

ABSTRACT

This paper has as its aim to analyse multinational enterprises’ location decisions from the perspective of the knowledge-based firm in an attempt to answer the following questions: Are innovative MNEs more likely to be located in areas with a higher degree of agglomeration? Who benefits to a greater extent ? in terms of innovation ? from geographical proximity with other agents: national or foreign enterprises? What role does absorptive capacity play in the relationship between agglomeration and innovation? According to this research work, agglomeration differently influences the innovation of MNE subsidiaries – through knowledge spillovers – depending on the types of agglomerated companies. The analysis performed with a sample of firms located in Spain includes local and foreign companies and uses data from a survey conducted by the National Statistics Institute (INE for its Spanish initials) in 2016. The results show that the agglomeration of similar enterprises favours innovation amongst foreign firms, as opposed to local ones, which absorb both positive and negative effects.     

中国科技人才集聚研究

科技人才是区域科技创新能力提升的核心要素。基于中国31个省级区域的面板数据，借鉴产业区位商思想进行测算中国31个省级区域的科技人才集聚程度测算，剖析科技人才集聚的主要影响因素。总结科技人才流动规律，结果表明，中国科技人才空间集聚非均衡发展，区域科技人才集聚差异仍有扩大趋势。同时，结合区域经济发展状况、科技创新环境、教育文化环境等科技人才集聚主要影响因素，提出相应政策建议与启示。     

生产性服务业集聚影响技术创新效率的研究述评

对生产性服务业的研究正成为当前一个学术热点,在研究技术创新效率的影响因素中,生产性服务业集聚所起的作用不容忽视。对生产性服务业集聚动因、集聚度测量方法以及集聚影响因素等进行文献研究后发现,现有研究多从生产性服务业集聚自身角度进行较为单一的分析,而对其所产生的作用与产业升级整体联系的分析却存在明显不足,未来应关注生产性服务业集聚与制造业创新的关联性、匹配性,加强以提高产业整体创新能力为导向的产业价值链布局、创新资源分配及政策精准扶持。     

The Nature of Cities: The Scope and Limits of Urban Theory

There has been a growing debate in recent decades about the range and substance of urban theory. The debate has been marked by many different claims about the nature of cities, including declarations that the urban is an incoherent concept, that urban society is nothing less than modern society as a whole, that the urban scale can no longer be separated from the global scale, and that urban theory hitherto has been deeply vitiated by its almost exclusive concentration on the cities of the global North. This article offers some points of clarification of claims like these. All cities can be understood in terms of a theoretical framework that combines two main processes, namely, the dynamics of agglomeration/polarization, and the unfolding of an associated nexus of locations, land uses and human interactions. This same framework can be used to identify many different varieties of cities, and to distinguish intrinsically urban phenomena from the rest of social reality. The discussion thus identifies the common dimensions of all cities without, on the one hand, exaggerating the scope of urban theory, or on the other hand, asserting that every individual city is an irreducible special case.     

河北省工业产业集聚与经济发展关系研究

论文基于河北省2000-2018年的相关数据,构建河北省工业产业集聚与经济发展的向量自回归模型,运用单位根检验、Johansen协整检验、脉冲响应函数等统计方法进行研究。通过研究分析发现,河北省工业产业集聚与经济发展之间存在互相促进的正面效应。在数据分析的基础上,对河北省工业产业集聚与经济增长提出了有针对性的、合理化的对策建议。     

聚集经济效应与城市经济增长比较分析——基于"长三角"的实证

经济要素在地理空间上的聚集和区域经济增长之间具有强烈的正相关性,随着新经济地理学的兴起,对两者之间关系的实证研究重新成为热点.本文结合不同学派对聚集经济效应的产生原因和发展机理的认识,从聚集经济效应对城市经济增长影响的角度,构建了聚集经济效应指数,并以长三角为研究对象,对地区内部三大区域的城市聚集经济效应对经济增长促进作用进行了比较研究.     

产业集聚的外部性机制——来自中国的实证研究

本文探讨了中国产业集聚的外部性机制问题,并由此系统地对我国的劳动生产率与产业专业化和多样化之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究发现:(1)不论是静态的影响,还是动态的作用过程,外部性在产业集聚中都发挥了很大的作用;(2)从静态角度看,产业专业化和多样化都促进了劳动生产率的提高;(3)从动态角度看,产业专业化阻碍了劳动生产率的提高,产业多样化在统计上不显著;(4)劳动生产率在地区之间可以分为泾渭分明的三个层次,但劳动生产率的增长在地区间有收敛的趋势。本文所包含的政策含义是,大力推动地区间的一体化进程,将目前集聚在东部沿海地区的制造业转移到某些中部省份,这可能是实现缩小地区差距和地区经济协调发展目标迈出的第一步。     

京津冀城市群空间经济聚集分析

京津冀城市群内部发展不平衡,经济活动向北京、天津和唐山组成的空间三角形区域高度聚集,而造成这种聚集特点的原因除了历史的偶然性外,还包括经济主体对外部经济效益和交易成本降低带来的更高利润的追逐,以及生产要素追逐收益的最大化。随着京津冀城市群的发展和我国区域经济政策的实施,经济活动向其核心地区的聚集将更加明显。     

中国服务业集聚的经济效应分析：基于劳动生产率视角

产业集聚是生产要素流动和配置的一种必然现象。本文围绕服务业集聚产生的经济效应,主要从劳动生产率视角出发,通过建立经济计量模型,具体考察了服务业集聚对服务业劳动生产率的影响方向与影响程度。实证分析结果表明,以区位熵、集中系数和服务业占GDP比重衡量的服务业集聚程度的指标,均对服务业劳动生产率具有显著的正向影响,这表明服务业集聚促进了服务业劳动生产率水平的提高。