股权结构与上市公司技术创新效率研究—基于三阶段DEA与Tobit模型

企业创新效率是影响中国企业创新能力的关键问题,内部股权结构对企业创新效率有直接影响,以中国上市公司2008—2017年的数据,基于三阶段数据包络分析(DEA)模型,在控制外部环境因素的基础上,考察了股权结构对中国上市公司技术创新效率的作用机制。研究表明:①中国上市公司的技术创新效率整体较低,均值在0.7以下,在剔除环境因素与随机干扰因素后,综合技术效率值相比没有剔除前提高了,说明企业的创新效率受到了不利环境的影响,并非是它们的管理水平低下;②环境因素对企业技术创新效率的影响显著,政府补助、外商投资、企业成立年限有利于企业创新;而行业竞争程度越高、地区企业数量越多不利于企业技术创新效率;③大股东持股与企业技术创新效率并非是单调的递增或递减关系,存在着倒"U"型关系。股权制衡度对企业技术创新效率产生了负面影响,机构投资者对企业技术创新效率为正向作用,国有企业与民营企业无论是在大股东持股或者股权制衡度中,对企业技术创新效率起到的作用并没有显著的差别。     

Internationalization Strategies Underlying the Performance of Foreign Banks in Latin American Markets

In this article, we evaluate the internationalization strategies underlying the performance of foreign banks in Latin American countries. Based on a multiple case study, we investigated the organizational paths in the study countries, the market segments served and performance. Our results show that it is possible to consider both economic and behavioral perspectives in this kind of analysis in order to map the entry modes and features of large banks in the study countries. We observed that some banks may have similar strategies in local markets, with particular emphasis on local adaptation, while others seem to promote the development of previous corporate characteristics.     

考虑行业能耗差异的工业全要素能源效率度量及影响因素——基于新疆34个行业面板数据的实证分析

首先考虑不同行业能耗差异对能源效率产生的影响,通过对新疆34个行业聚类分析得到高能耗、一般能耗、低能耗三类行业,同时考虑不同污染物的非期望产出对环境危害程度的差异,将SO₂、CO₂、COD、烟尘和固体废物排放量加权综合值纳入测算模型,以2000—2018年面板数据为研究样本,运用SBM模型测算全行业及其三类能耗行业全要素能源效率,分析其全要素能源效率的变化趋势以及收敛特征,进一步运用面板回归模型分析影响因素。结果发现:新疆工业行业全要素能源效率保持缓慢上升趋势,高耗能行业稳步增长、一般耗能行业波动增长、低耗能行业缓慢增长,三类能耗行业的全要素能源效率存在显著差异,技术水平、所有权结构、环境规制水平、能源消耗结构对三类能耗行业全要素能源效率的影响也存在差异。     

Marginal Rates and Elasticities of Substitution with Additive Models in DEA

Marginal rates and elasticities of substitution are derived from the optimal slack values obtained from modified versions of additive DEA models. Projection formulas are used to ensure that all points are on the efficient frontier as required for conformance with assumptions in micro-economics. The models used differ from standard versions in that slack values are allowed to be negative as well as positive in these additive models. This makes movement possible on efficiency frontiers, where improvement in some inputs or outputs requires worsening other inputs or outputs. A new definition is therefore introduced in which efficiency is attained only if the value of the worsenings is exactly offset by the value of the improvements. This includes, but is not restricted to, the case in which all slacks must be zero for full attainment of efficiency—as in standard versions of additive models.     

Multicomponent Efficiency Measurement and Shared Inputs in Data Envelopment Analysis: An Application to Sales and Service Performance in Bank Branches

In most applications ofDEA presented in the literature, the models presented are designedto obtain a single measure of efficiency. In many instances however,the decision making units involved may perform several differentand clearly identifiable functions, or can be separated intodifferent components. In such situations, inputs, in particularresources, are often shared among those functions. This sharingphenomenon will commonly present the technical difficulty ofhow to disaggregate an overall measure into component parts.In the present paper, we extend the usual DEA structure to onethat determines a best resource split to optimize the aggregateefficiency score. The particular application area investigatedis that involving the sales and service functions within thebranches of a bank. An illustrative application of the methodologyto a sample of branches from a major Canadian bank is given.     

Measures in DEA with an Application to the Malmquist Index

This paper shows the importance of goal vectors G in measuring and dealing with DEA inefficiencies. It emphasizes the advantages of the family of additive relative to the traditional oriented DEA models and shifts the primary emphasis to measuring inefficiency rather than efficiency. This new (raw) inefficiency measure RIN incorporates both the traditional DEA efficiency and the DEA slacks and provides the background for a new approach to the Malmquist Index. The final section points out some deficiencies in existing computational procedures for selecting G and calls for continued research on the selection process, as well as showing a role for G in returns to scale studies.     

Parametric and Nonparametric Approaches to Benchmarking the Regulated Firm

Rewarding regulated firms based on their relative performance requires benchmarks that reflect how performance is affected by regulation. This paper demonstrates how parametric and nonparametric efficiency measures can be employed to produce benchmarks that account for the effects of regulation. We apply measurement techniques to an eleven-year panel of 20 U.S. interstate natural gas transmission companies and use our benchmarking measures to distinguish firms that perform well owing to a superior management of technology from firms that perform well owing to the effective management of the regulatory mechanism.     

Efficiency Evaluations Based on Potential (Non-Proportional) Improvements

Efficiency evaluation of a Decision Making Unit (DMU) involves two issues: 1) selection of an appropriate reference plan against which to evaluate the DMU and 2) measurement of performance slack. In the literature, these issues are mixed in one and the same operation but we argue that it has theoretical as well as practical advantages to separate them. We provide an axiomatic characterization of the implicit Farrell selection. This approach, ignores important aspects of the technology by focussing on proportional variations in inputs (or outputs). We propose a new approach where potential improvements are used to guide the selection of reference plans. A characterization of this approach is provided and an associated translation invariant, strictly monotonous and continuous efficiency index is suggested.     

基于DEA的我国科技投入产出二次绩效评价

合理地评价我国科技投入产出,对于资源的合理利用,提高资金的使用效率具有十分重要的现实意义.利用DEAP2.1软件和EXCEL中线性规划求解,在DEA二次相对效益模型的基础上,对我国1998-2007年科技投入产出进行绩效测算,提出了我国科技投入综合效率近几年较高及进一步提高科技投入效率的建议.     

退耕还林对农户生产效率的影响——以吴起县为例

运用DEA模型对陕西省吴起县196个农户退耕前后的农业生产效率进行了测算。对比分析结果表明:随着退耕还林的实施,农户的总体效率变化不大;农户生产的纯规模效率比退耕前下降了许多,退耕前大部分农户的规模效率在0.9～1.0之间,而退耕后则集中在0.3～0.4之间;退耕后纯技术效率却明显的提高了,由退耕前的0.40提高到了退耕后的0.51。投影分析结果表明:退耕后农户的种植业、林业和畜牧业产值的增值空间远远大于退耕之前,这主要是由于随着退耕还林的实施,农户的精耕细作、政府在林业方面提供的技术培训以及圈养畜牧业发展的缘故。