合谋理论的演进与新发展

合谋理论作为激励的一个分支,近年来已经进入主流经济学的研究前沿。本文的分析表明:合谋的早期的研究,主要用来解释组织间企业价格合谋,一般属于静态分析;博弈论引入后的分析则更多的是对合谋均衡的动态研究;同时合谋理论也拓展到拍卖和决策等领域。近年来,在不完全契约等理论发展的基础上,合谋理论转入到组织内研究,以拉丰等人的相关研究文献为代表。他们的研究奠定了合谋理论研究的基本范式,建立的模型解释了合谋的产生、合谋的防范以及影响合谋的因素。隧道效应理论则进一步从法律经济学的视角分析了不同法系下的公司治理中的控股股东侵害中小股东利益这一广泛存在的合谋现象。     

基于复杂组织内个体差异的隐性知识传播模型研究

隐性知识是企业存亡、取得竞争优势的关键性资源。在组织内,不仅宏观的网络结构会影响隐性知识的传播,而且微观层面的个体差异也会对其有很大的影响。组织管理者应通过提高员工个体的知识转移能力、知识吸收能力以及个体间的信任度来促进隐性知识的高效传播,提高组织的核心竞争力。     

企业隐性知识管理研究述评

知识经济时代呼唤有效的知识管理,隐性知识作为企业知识的主体和企业创新的原动力,正扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文从隐性知识的内涵与分类、特性与测评、转化与共享等方面对近几年国内外企业隐性知识管理的研究成果进行综述,并分析了目前企业隐性知识管理研究中存在的问题。     

项目管理中知识转移

知识作为组织的一项重要资产,其重要性大于资金与市场。它既可以帮助项目组织成员提高能力,增加技巧,改善产品与服务;又有助于项目组织改进组织结构,提高组织竞争力。阐述了知识转移的概念与内涵,分析了项目管理中影响知识转移的因素、知识转移过程与方式,并对知识转移的效果进行简单评价。     

平台经济反垄断研究的热点演进与理论框架 ——基于文献计量方法的分析

平台经济是连接多个用户群体进行信息与资源交换的新型商业模式,近年来其垄断形势愈演愈烈,对现有监管模式和反垄断研究理论提出了新的挑战。文章利用Citespace V科学计量工具,对2003—2022年中国知网数据库中中文社会科学引文索引（CSSCI）来源期刊的平台经济反垄断研究进行知识图谱可视化研究,在探究该领域的研究热点演化路径的基础上,构建了平台经济反垄断的理论框架。研究发现,平台经济反垄断研究主题经历了从传统双边产业反垄断与反垄断法构建,到双边市场特征与相关市场界定问题,到算法、大数据引发的垄断治理困境,再到超级平台形成、“二选一”独占交易协议4个阶段的演变。总的来看,平台经济反垄断理论框架由垄断形成机理、垄断演进趋势和反垄断规制体系三个部分组成。平台经济的规模效应、网络效应和锁定效应三种特征诱致垄断发生,垄断竞争理论、双边市场理论和产业组织理论是这一问题的重要研究视角;在技术与规模驱动下,平台经济呈现“厂商垄断-平台垄断-场域垄断”的主体变迁和“价格垄断-算法垄断-数据垄断”的形式升级;对此,应当构建价格监管、算法规制与数据治理相结合的综合规制体系。     

Is capital a collusion device?

Summary. We examine how irreversible capital reduces the possibility of a duopoly to sustain implicit collusion by grim strategies, when the product is homogenous and firms compete in quantities. Compared with the case of reversible capital, there are two countervailing effects: Deviation from an existing collusion is less attractive, because capital once installed causes costs forever. But the punishment will also be less severe due to the high capacity the deviating firm can build before punishment starts. The last effect dominates, meaning that the commitment value of capital is negative for all firms. If capital is irreversible, collusion breaks down for realistic magnitudes of interest rates. Received: April 30, 1999; revised version: November 30, 2001     

“默示同意”：合理博弈与不完善制度——郑百文重组过程中表决规则的经济学分析

当主持者对表决方式有选择余地时,那么他会根据自己的偏好,直接或间接影响表决结果,这是无法避免的,是在现有制度下的一种合理博弈,是有效的。如果他本身就是博弈的一方,则更会充分利用这种影响。而主持人对议案内容的偏好是广泛存在的,不可能通过消除偏好来消除影响。但是如果加强民主和监督,使主持者的选择余地尽可能缩小,即他只能选择社会承认的最优的“公平”规则才符合他自己的成本－－收益平衡,那么这样就使个人的最优选择与社会的最优选择一致,提供了制度上的改进办法。而在未有更高程度的民主和更有效的监督制度之前,只能容忍在现有制度内的博弈行为。所以,只有通过进一步加强民主和健全法制,进行表决规则的制度建设,才有可能得到更优化和更真实的表决结果。     

The Relationships Between Adhocracy and Clan Cultures and Tacit Oriented KM Strategy

Abstract

In this study knowledge is considered as explicit and tacit; and in line with this, knowledge management strategy that focuses on tacit knowledge is identified as tacit oriented knowledge management strategy. Organizational culture, which is one of the crucial antecedents of knowledge management process, is categorized into four types by using two dimensions—external versus internal orientation and formal versus informal organizational process—as adhocracy, clan, market and hierarchy. And the relationships between adhocracy, and clan culture and tacit oriented knowledge management strategy are investigated. Also the industrial environment hostility is used as a moderator between adhocracy and clan cultures, and tacit oriented knowledge management strategy.

According to the regression analyses, adhocracy and clan cultures have positive effects on tacit oriented knowledge management strategy; and the impact (magnitude) of adhocracy culture is approximately the same as the clan culture on tacit oriented knowledge management strategy. Also it was found that greater industry environment hostility, the greater relationship between adhocracy and clan cultures, and tacit oriented knowledge management Strategy.     

企业战略的新选择--知识管理战略

知识管理战略是着眼于推动知识资产的形成、储存、分享和应用的发展战略。实施有效的知识管理战略是企业进行知识管理,提高知识创新能力,增强竞争优势的重要途径。选择适合企业发展的知识管理战略成为理论界和企业解所普遍关注的问题。     

Cooperative R&D and the Value of the Firm

In this paper, we investigate the stock price responses of listed firms in the U.S. markets to announcements of R & D collaborations. We find that abnormal returns of stocks are significantly positive after R & D collaborations are announced. The positive stock price response towards the R & D cooperation initiations can be partially explained by the nature of the collaborations and the characteristics of the participating firms. We also find that the stock prices of rival firms respond negatively to announcements of R & D cooperation. This result seems to support the hypothesis that cooperative R & D improves economic efficiency of the cooperative firms that gain competitive advantage. We do not find evidence supporting the hypothesis that R & D cooperation creates collusive, anticompetitive effects in the product market.