ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ON THE URBAN–RURAL DISPARITY IN HUMAN CAPITAL IN CHINA

With China's economic development and capital accumulation in the industrial sectors, the human capital level of the labours moving from the rural areas could no longer meet the demand of the industrial sectors. Therefore, “structural shortage of technical labour” emerged in the labour market as a result of excess of demand for high‐skilled workers. Previous literature mostly focused on the relationship between rural human‐capital level and labour movement, income change and economic growth, but in this article, the authors focus on the study of the relative disparity of urban and rural human capital and labour movement, as well as the effect of the change of urban–rural human capital gap on industrial output, profit and social welfare. This article shows that bridging the urban–rural gap in respect of human capital level could not only improve the situation of the “structural shortage of technical labour,” but also have a positive effect on the general social welfare.     

活性焦脱硫技术应用现状与技术经济性分析

综述了国内外活性焦脱硫技术发展与干法脱硫工艺技术的应用现状,对比分析了活性焦干法脱硫技术与传统石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫技术、循环流化床干法脱硫技术的技术经济性。     

基于生命周期的技术定价模型研究

从技术商品的本质特征着手,考虑到技术转让双方的信息不对称和市场差距因素,提出了技术转让双方的价格预期模型,并结合技术生命周期理论给出各参数及其系数的估计值,分析了不同时期技术转让的利弊,并结合分析提出了一些技术转让的建议。     

气垫带式输送机的设计与创新

气垫带式输送机已历经30年,其发展历程,几经＂沉痛＂,终成正果。技术创新是新产品的生命线,将技术创新融入新产品的设计中,新产品就有强大的生命力。随着气垫带式输送机技术性能的不断提高和发展,这一令人瞩目的环保节能产品,必将为低碳经济时代做出新贡献。     

探索中国科技管理体制的新变化

综合国力的竞争取决于经济竞争,经济竞争的核心是科技竞争。我国在经历了22年科技体制改革的今天,科技管理体制已发生了诸多根本性的变化。如：科教兴国战略、高校和科研院所改制、企业技术引进和自主研发等。归根结底还是取决于科技转化为生产力的速度、规模、范围和效果。企业要不断地随着社会主义市场经济的深化和发展而有所创新和变化。     

中国创意服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究——基于TC指数和相对(技术)复杂度指数

在分析中国创意服务贸易特征的基础上,运用贸易竞争力(TC)指数和相对(技术)复杂度指数,采用UNCTAD发布的最新统计数据,对中国以及世界其他五个国家的创意服务贸易的国际竞争力进行了比较研究。结果显示:我国创意服务贸易已具备一定的国际竞争力,在世界创意服务贸易的地位也不断提升,但是各分项发展很不平衡。因此,要加强对进出口市场的了解,优化出口结构,提高创意服务进口的技术水平,同时注重创意服务高端人才的培养与引进。     

虚拟现实在职业技术教育中的应用

虚拟现实作为一门崭新的综合性信息处理技术,可以创建虚拟环境下的高级人机交互系统.了解虚拟现实的发展现状、虚拟现实技术在职业技术教育中应用的必要性和存在的问题,使虚拟现实在职业技术教育中尽早得到应用和普及,将对职业技术教育的发展产生广泛的作用和影响.     

Exploring the knowledge spillovers of a technology in an entrepreneurial ecosystem—The case of artificial intelligence in Sydney

New knowledge presents opportunities for commercial value and can hence be a critical asset for entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). In particular, general purpose technologies are major drivers of entrepreneurship. Thus, a nuanced understanding on technological knowledge and its spillovers among actors within an EE is warranted. Using knowledge‐spillover‐based strategic entrepreneurship theory, we propose to observe knowledge spillovers through the assessment of the knowledge bases of a technology in an EE. To do so, this article proposes to use three key sources of knowledge: publications reflecting the emerging knowledge base, patents representing the realized knowledge base, and startups showing the experimental knowledge base. This article uses secondary data sources such as Web of Science and applies the method of bibliometrics to illustrate how an assessment is carried out in practice by evaluating the artificial intelligence (AI) knowledge bases in Sydney from 2000 to 2018. The findings are summarized with an illustration of the evolution of the key actors and their activities over time in order to indicate the key strengths and weaknesses in Sydney's AI knowledge among the different bases. Contrary to expectations from the high potential of knowledge spillovers from a general purpose digital technology such as AI, the article shows that apparent knowledge spillovers are yet highly limited in Sydney. Even though Sydney has a strong emerging knowledge base, the realized knowledge base seems weak and the experimental knowledge base is slowly improving. That observation itself verifies the need to take strategic actions to facilitate knowledge spillovers within EEs. After the implications for theory and policy makers are discussed, suggestions for further studies are proposed.     

人工智能发展对通胀动态的影响及政策挑战——基于动态随机一般均衡模型的分析

人工智能的发展是生产力进步的表现,但广泛使用人工智能技术的经济效应尚待深入研究。基于人工智能对劳动的替代作用,将人工智能投资引入动态随机一般均衡模型,通过比较静态分析和短期动态分析考察人工智能发展对通胀动态的影响。稳态分析表明：人工智能投资效率提高和使用范围扩大均会提升劳动生产率进而提高产出水平,但对长期或趋势通胀没有影响;在人工智能发展初级阶段人工智能的发展会引起实际工资下降,而在相对高级阶段人工智能的发展会引起实际工资上升。短期动态分析显示：人工智能发展水平的提高,无论是投资效率的提高还是使用范围的扩大,都会导致通胀及实际边际成本对偏好冲击和技术冲击等外生冲击的反应变弱。人工智能的发展会使通胀动态与实际经济活动变化间的联系减弱,其原因是人工智能对劳动的替代作用使工资调整不再是应对外生冲击的必然选择,进而改变了外生冲击通过影响工资来影响通胀的传导机制。因此,发展人工智能在促进生产率提升和产出增长的同时,还会改变宏观经济变量间的传导机制,进而对通胀等政策调控目标变量的准确预测以及政策调整和实施的有效性带来新的挑战,也为金融理论研究提出新的课题。