清洁生产技术创新、治污技术创新与环境规制

本文通过数理模型,证明了环境规制对技术创新的影响存在偏向性,在环境规制强度较弱阶段偏向于促进治污技术创新,而在较强阶段偏向于促进清洁生产技术创新。并利用中国2002-2015年省际面板数据,以清洁生产技术创新水平和治污技术创新水平的比值构建技术创新偏向指数。通过广义可行最小二乘法,估计面板固定效应模型,分析环境规制与技术创新偏向指数的关系,论证了本文的理论命题。另外,企业规模偏向于促进治污技术创新,而第二产业比重的上升、国有企业比例的增加和企业研究与开发支出则显著偏向于促进清洁生产技术创新。     

From voice to choice: lessons from a regional capacity development initiative to strengthen social and gender analysis in participatory natural resource management research

Doing practical biodiversity and natural resources management research that is socially and gender sensitive remains a challenge. Most of the relevant literature is primarily at the conceptual level. There are few learning programmes that focus on systematic capacity development for gender and social analysis in applied research in this field. Efforts that systematically document and analyse this kind of capacity development process are also hard to find. This paper summarizes the main research and capacity development achievements and challenges of a novel, Asian-regional initiative that aimed to address these gaps. It is suggested that the success of capacity-building strategies for the integration of social and gender analysis can be enhanced by combining a mix of elements, including a ‘learning by doing’ approach, participatory (action) research methodologies, a diverse group of participants, regular peer review, flexible networking and strong personal and organizational commitment. These kinds of strategies will require a long(er) time horizon and sufficient resources.     

Liberalizing Nirvana: an analysis of the consequences of common pool resource deregulation for the sustainability of Fiji's surf tourism industry

In July 2010, the Fijian government issued a decree that liberalized Fiji's surf breaks and deregulated its surf tourism industry. It did this by canceling licenses that granted resorts exclusive use of surf breaks based on indigenous customary ownership of foreshore and fringing reef fishing areas as common pool resources. This paper analyses the sustainability of surf tourism in Fiji, utilizing a developing framework for sustainable surf tourism. Based on broader sustainable tourism theory and empirical research, the framework considers (1) the impact of economic neo-liberalism, (2) the need for coordinated planning and limits to growth, (3) the advantages of systematic attempts to foster cross-cultural understanding, and (4) the social benefits associated with the development of surfing at the village level. The study found that a lack of regulation is compromising the sustainability of Fiji's surf tourism industry in each of these four dimensions. However, evidence of a growing acceptance of the need for regulation by most stakeholders offers a starting point for a transactive, participative process to find solutions. A fifth element to the framework is recommended for future analyses based on the need for surf tourism to contribute to poverty alleviation in destination communities.     

从游客环境容量到LAC理论环境容量概念的新发展

LAC(可接受的改变极限)是从游客环境容量概念发展而来的，用于解决资源保护和旅游发展之间矛盾的理论。这一理论在很多国家的规划和管理中得到了广泛的应用，取得了良好的效果。本文阐述了从环境容量到LAC理论的发展过程，描述了LAC理论的九个步骤，简要介绍了LAC理论的衍生技术方法。     

Traditions of sustainability in tourism studies

As sustainability has become an important policy issue in tourism, it is arousing growing discussion and criticism, and an increasing need to understand the nature of the limits of growth. This paper analyzes how these limits are approached and evaluated in discussions on a local scale. The purpose is to recognize that behind the different understandings of them lie distinct traditions that are different in their focuses. These are referred to as resource-, activity-, and community-based traditions of sustainability. Further, the relationship between sustainable tourism and sustainable development is critically discussed.     

谈利用科技情报促进企业自主创新

文章介绍了科技情报在企业自主创新中的重要作用,探讨了科技情报机构为企业服务的有效途径和方法,并提出新时期科技情报工作更好为企业服务的措施。     

悬臂构件承载力不足的补偿方法

针对有些悬挑构件后来增加立柱支顶的实际工程问题，作者提出了简便合理的承载力补偿方法，并通过进一步的力学分析，证实其可行性和合理性，可供处理类似工程问题参考。     

内生创新努力、本土技术溢出与长三角高技术产业创新绩效

基于新增长理论的内生创新努力,分产业维和区域维运用1997—2006年面板数据,本文重点分析了本土技术溢出对长三角高技术产业创新绩效的影响,从中发现:从产业维角度看,长三角产业专业化集聚环境下的本土技术溢出效应呈弱的负外部性;从区域维角度看,作为创新极的上海对江(苏)浙(江)具有正的技术溢出效应,浙江能从上海和江苏的技术溢出中受益,而江苏受益于上海的同时也承受来自浙江的负外部性作用。     

预钻式旁压试验在哈尔滨地铁一期工程中的应用

本文通过哈尔滨地铁一期工程的实例,介绍了预钻式旁压试验在工程中的现场操作,成果分析及应用。     

多点支撑加固坦拱桥技术研究

矢跨比较小的坦拱桥,受力形式带有梁式桥的倾向,水平推力较陡拱大,受载弯矩集中于主拱拱顶至3/8、5/8区段,因此造成对此种桥型加固难度增大。有必要提出有效措施进行加固整治。本文结合公路坦拱桥加固工程实例,较为详细地介绍了多点支撑加固坦拱的设计、施工技术。实践证明,该加固增强技术可有效提高坦拱桥的承载能力且安全可靠,具有较大的技术、经济和社会效益,应用前景广阔。