国内外科技成果转化模式的比较与研究

总结国内外科技成果转化的典型案例,系统地分析其技术转移模式、转化平台搭建和运营管理机制等方面的做法及特点,归纳与总结其在科技成果转化体制机制上的创新之处,并探索从政府监督引导、产学研介合作、成立专业机构、注重长远效益等方面给出进一步推动科技成果转化的思考和建议。     

市场信号、技术特征与中国国际高质量专利

近年来,中国专利申请量与授权量得到了快速飞跃,然而“专利泡沫”“专利沉睡”等问题也日益凸显,如何有效促进专利数量到专利质量的转变是实现专利强国的关键。本文基于信号传递理论,构建了市场信号与技术特征共同影响国际高质量专利形成的理论模型,并利用中国在美国专利与商标局(USPTO)申请的专利数据进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:市场信号有助于传递积极的专利信号与打破信息不对称,推动形成国际高质量专利;技术特征能够扩大专利自身的技术范围与技术合作空间,与国际高质量专利也存在显著正向关系;此外,技术特征能够产生技术噪音与技术竞争压力,弱化信号传递效率,从而负向调节市场信号对国际高质量专利的促进效应。本文认为与市场上的普通商品一样,专利存在“酒香也怕巷子深”问题,一方面企业应该加强专利国际推广;另一方面政府需要进一步完善市场机制与减弱信息不对称,共同塑造中国国际高质量专利。     

Intra‐provincial Revenue Sharing and the Subnational Government's Fiscal Capacity in China: The Case of Zhejiang Province

This study investigates whether the tax‐sharing system has deteriorated the fiscal capacity of subnational governments by analyzing how fiscal revenues are divided between provincial and sub‐provincial governments. Our study of county‐level fiscal data from Zhejiang Province in China during 1994–2007 shows that intra‐provincial revenue‐sharing rules favor county governments in two ways: (i) they improve county governments ‘fiscal autonomy in terms of using their own revenues; and (ii) they enhance county governments ‘fiscal capacity through province‐to‐county general transfers. In addition, we find that intra‐provincial fiscal revenue‐sharing rules and transfers reduce fiscal disparity between counties.     

Sustainability and visitor management in tourist historic cities: the case of Santiago de Compostela,Spain

Tourism has a leading role in heritage cities and this implies a major challenge. The overall objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of tourism planning and management with the view of achieving sustainable tourism in the historic center of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. The study addresses topics collected during a long research process of more than 10 years, such as strategic tourism plans, the implementation of quality management systems for tourism, the tourist supply and the regulation of flows. The results show a destination that has introduced alternatives to improve the tourism experience and diversify its offer beyond the Camino de Santiago. There is also growing concern in promoting the sustainability of the historic center. From our point of view, the strengthening of synergies between the different agents involved in the tourism sector of the city has been a key factor in dealing with this situation. However, in this sense, the main problem which is decongesting the tourist flows to the cathedral and its surroundings is still unresolved.     

Robots and us: towards an economics of the ‘Good Life’

(Expected) adverse effects of the ‘ICT Revolution’ on work and opportunities for individuals to use and develop their capacities give a new impetus to the debate on the societal implications of technology and raise questions regarding the ‘responsibility’ of research and innovation (RRI) and the possibility of achieving ‘inclusive and sustainable society’. However, missing in this debate is an examination of a possible conflict between the quest for ‘inclusive and sustainable society’ and conventional economic principles guiding capital allocation (including the funding of research and innovation). We propose that such conflict can be resolved by re-examining the nature and purpose of capital, and by recognising mainstream economics’ utilitarian foundations as an unduly restrictive subset of a wider Aristotelian understanding of choice.     

面向2035年中国青年科技人才激励评价研究

打好关键核心技术攻坚战，科技人才是第一资源。采用SBM-DEA模型测算中国2001—2017年科技人才投入-产出效率。研究发现激励政策制度化水平较低、评价机制与激励目的错位等问题制约了中国科技创新绩效的进一步提升，激发青年科技人才创新活力迫在眉睫。提出政府与科研单位应当重视激励偏好、组织文化、人格特质、公共政策等青年科技人才成长的重要影响因素，建立健全制度化、差异化的激励评价体系，构建面向2035年的青年科技人才激励评价互动机制，努力探索符合中国文化情境的激励评价理论。     

基于POI 数据的物流公司网点服务能力评价-以闽三角城市群为例

在大数据背景下对闽三角城市群物流公司展开研究,借助POI数据与ArcGIS软件,通过运用标准距离方法、方向分布分析和核密度分析方法,实现对闽三角城市群物流公司网点基本情况的探究,并展开对主要物流公司网点服务数量、服务范围、服务趋势和服务中心等内容的具体分析,进而综合评述物流公司网点服务能力,以期在此基础上为物流大数据管理与物流网点服务能力提升提供有益建议。研究发现:中国邮政在闽三角城市群的物流网点服务数量多,范围广,能够提供均衡服务;其他物流公司,特别是菜鸟驿站的网点分布则相对集中,服务的针对性和集聚性更好。     

基于熵权—理想解法的城市复合系统资源环境承载力时空分异研究

区域协调发展是科学发展的重要内涵,科学评价承载力对协调发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。运用熵权—理想解法,并基于空间分析模型,探讨福建省9个地级以上城市资源环境承载力范围以及时空格局演变特征,结果表明:(1)从时间序列角度分析,厦门市承载力处于良好承载状态,其余地市处于波动向好状态;(2)各子系统承载力处于波动状态,不同地市子系统承载力存在较大差异;(3)区域复合系统承载力在全局空间分布上不存在显著的正自相关关系,局域空间上仅泉州市复合系统承载力与周边地区存在集聚效应。根据空间格局热点演化趋势,资源环境承载力局部空间分异明显。因此,在数字经济发展背景下,在高质量发展的同时,更应做到区域协同发展,从而推动复合系统环境承载力水平的提高。     

中国高校科技成果产业化研究文献计量分析

从中国知网中采集了495篇2015-2019年间中国高校科技成果产业化研究的中文核心期刊文献，借助SATI、UCINET、NetDraw等软件进行文献计量分析。从发文年度、载文期刊以及发文机构等三个方面分析了中国高校科技成果产业化研究的结构性特征分布情况，并以关键词图谱形式展示了热点问题。研究表明：高校科技成果产业化研究在国内受到了相当重视，各类成果不断涌现，年发文量较多，且比较稳定；研究热点主要包括欧美经验模式借鉴、技术转移体系构建、成果转化因素分析以及收益分配机制改革等问题。各个热点问题的研究成果共性特征显著，瞄准中国高校科技成果产业化桎梏所在，为构建适合中国国情的高校科技成果产业化有效解决方案这一共同目标而努力。     

A tipping point for agricultural expansion? Technological changes and capital accumulation in Argentina's rural sector

Drawing upon a case study located in central Argentina, we analyse in what ways technology is contributing to the accumulation of capital in a context where prevailing strategies resting on farm‐scale extension are no longer effective. We identify two major technological phases that go along with changes in actors' strategies aiming at re‐establishing expanded capital accumulation. These phases allow a better understanding of the mediating role of technology between capital accumulation and the appropriation of nature. In a context of increasing depletion of agro‐ecological conditions, the call for a new wave of innovations can be seen as an attempt to restore that mediating role. As we suggest, this entails broader changes in multiple levels.