Régulation School and environment: Theoretical proposals and avenues of research

The article explores the relevance of a particular approach of the institutionalist movement, régulation theory, to deal with the relationship between the economy and the environment. Régulation theory, which appeared in France at the end of the 1970s, is mainly interested in macroeconomic issues. In contrast, until now it has tended to neglect environmental questions. By taking several key concepts of this theory (accumulation regime, mode of régulation, institutional forms), we have sought to assess its significance vis-à-vis the environmental field. More precisely, from the perspective of establishing an environmental regulationist theory, we propose considering the economic relation to the environment as the articulation of three forms: a transhistorical form, a general capitalist form and a specific capitalist form, the latter being variable in capitalist time and space. We give several illustrations of the variability of the relation to the environment, depending on the different accumulation regimes and the different modes of régulation. Two principal avenues of research are proposed: historical analyses for given economic areas, and comparative analyses relating in particular to different capitalist areas.     

由宁夏中部地区的资源开发看生态建设的整体性

宁夏中部地区是宁夏乃至全国的土地资源及能源的重点开发区域。但是，由于其生态环境具有强烈的过渡性、复杂性和脆弱性，以往的资源开发活动已经造成了森林退缩、草场退化、土地沙化、水土流失与土壤盐渍化等一系列生态环境问题。文章指出上述生态问题的产生也是人们在资源开发过程中非整体性行为的作用结果，为此，生态建设要作为一项全社会参与的“系统工程”，从生态经济建设、生态文化建设、生态体制建设与生态工程建设等几个侧面共同入手，只有这样，才能保有以往的生态建设成果，实现本区域生态系统的良性循环。     

会计准则结构及其构成要素研究--对我国会计概念框架构建的思考

传统的会计准则制定模式中都特别强调了会计概念、会计原则和会计规则的突出地位,因而有了原则导向(或基础)的会计准则制定模式、规则导向(或基础)的会计准则制定模式以及安然等财务欺诈案件后美国目标(实际是概念)导向的会计准则制定模式的说法。通过对现有会计准则制定模式的反思,我们认为会计概念、会计原则和会计规则不应是会计准则制定的导向或基础,而是会计准则结构体系的构成要素。在本文中,我们对其各自的含义界定和功能定位进行初步探讨,旨在为建立我国的会计概念框架,完善会计准则体系提供理论参考。     

The hidden value of air transportation infrastructure

Air transportation is a key strategic asset in that it provides access to markets and thereby enables the economic development of nations. Thus, in order to maintain their competitiveness in a global economy, countries must invest in air transportation infrastructure to ensure their ability to meet current and future demand for aviation services. The objective of this paper is to develop and illustrate a methodology for evaluating the strategic value of air transportation infrastructure, in particular the benefits associated with the ability to react quickly to changes in the market. The hypothesis is that by recognizing and taking advantage of this strategic value, it may be possible to design better policies for aviation infrastructure delivery.The methodology developed here uses system dynamics to model different strategies for infrastructure delivery. These strategies are defined by three variables: the amount of capacity increase, the time to deliver the capacity and the congestion threshold that triggers the need for capacity delivery. Monte Carlo simulation is used to take into account multiple sources of uncertainty. The model shows that a strategy of capacity delivery based on small increments and short response times can yield more benefits than strategies that consider large capacity increases and long response times. Furthermore, in the specific airport example considered here, it was found that a congestion threshold of 75% should be the trigger for capacity enlargements if strategies based on small capacity increments and 1 or 5 years to increase capacity are considered. The lesson for decision-makers is that congestion delays must be addressed with foresight.     

经济转型期的产业断层危机

产业断层危机不同于一般经济周期,它产生于产业结构升级转换中的结构失衡,表现为中长期的结构错落和增长速度迟缓。根据引发的因素可以分为“康氏周期拐点型”、“泡沫经济引致型”、“货币危机引致型”和“产业升级转换型”等类型,中国目前正处于工业化中期阶段,产业结构正面临着向新兴技术和新兴产业转型阶段,到2005年前后,我国将面临产业结构大规模升级,届时由于现阶段的资源瓶颈、产业回补、出口压力、技术瓶颈、产业虚高度化和尤格拉周期因素,可能会发生较大的产业断层危机。     

论我国饭店的等级划分与价格管理

在现实市场中,为了方便对酒店进行监督和管理,也为了不同层次消费者的需要,政府往往根据不同的硬件设施标准和软件服务水平对酒店进行等级划分;同时,由于我国旅游市场的外部性因素,政府又根据相应的标准对其进行一定的价格管制, 实行限价,藉此保护消费者,但是这会对消费者和经营者产生影响。     

整合与超越:新全球化时代经济学范式探微

世界正发生着从"旧全球化时代"向"新全球化时代"的重大转变.伴随这一时代转折,建立在传统工业文明基础上的经济学正面临着研究范式的挑战,因为它已经不能适应以高科技为先导,以科技成果的商品化、产业化、国际化为特征的新时代所遇到的各种复杂问题.其研究范式急需进行整合与超越,交往实践观为其提供了新的视域和新的理论范式.     

经济人的“再生”:对一种新综合的探讨与辩护

本文力图对经济学帝国主义现象中复兴的新经济人提供一个较明确的描述,纠正倡导者和批评者共通的某些误解。本文的重点是:通过把社会偏好、个人社会价值等概念引入经济人模型的讨论之中,给能纳入这一分析范式的行为(特别是利他行为)确定某些标准;重新界定经济人在不同层次上的理性行为特征,以说明赋予经济人的理性程度将取决于所研究的主题的具体情形;进而,讨论经济人的标准原型及其变型在理论分析中各自适用的范围和局限性。     

重新重工业化与振兴老工业基地

由于多方面因素的决定,中国走了一条先重工业、后轻工业、再重工业的工业发展道路,现在正进入一个重新重工业化的阶段,带来了经济发展的新机遇.重新重工业化的契机和良好的工业基础决定了老工业基地的振兴是必要的,也是可能的.振兴老工业基地的重点,应是发展拥有比较优势的重工业;振兴老工业基地的关键是实施产业集群战略,发展重工业产业集群.     

长江流域的生态安全与对策研究

长江流域生态安全对中国可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。由于长江上游地区是水土流失的重灾区和主要的污染源,三峡工程的建设也使得长江流域上游地区生态环境的综合治理更显紧迫,因此维护长江流域生态安全的重点在于上游地区的综合治理,其关键是加大长江流域生态建设的投入。文章提出了要切实加强长江流域的统一管理,加强立法体系的建设,积极推进西部大开发战略和尽快建立绿色GDP核算体系等政策建议。