基于控制单元水平的污染物负荷分配研究

污染物负荷分配方法既要考虑分配方案的公平性,又要考虑方案的可操作性。以太湖流域常州市控制单元为例,将环境容量最终分配到点源为目的,提出控制单元-行业-点源为核心的水环境容量3层分配体系,将各层分配视为既有联系又有区别的对象。在控制单元层面上实现点源污染与非点源污染削减量的分配;在行业层次上,主要考虑行业间差异对削减量进行分配;在企业层,为提高分配方案的可执行性,主要针对污染大户进行分配,使用基尼系数法对分配方案的公平性进行评价。结果表明,3层分配体系客观反映了分配量和指标之间机理和逻辑上的定量联系,以及减少污染物总量分配的主观性,为区域性水环境容量分配提供了科学的方法。     

从全面薪酬角度看民营快递企业的员工激励

从全面薪酬的角度,针对民营快递企业的特点和其员工特点来阐述达到员工激励目的的方式,可供快递企业管理者参考。     

Role of TFP in China's Growth*

This paper uses the dual approach to growth accounting to examine the role of total factor productivity (TFP) in recent Chinese growth. Most previous growth accounting studies on China have followed the primal approach, which depends heavily on the national income accounts. Unfortunately, despite efforts to rectify them, Chinese national income accounts data continue to have problems that affect primal approach growth accounting results. The dual approach, in contrast, allows independent price information to play a role. Recent research has focused on the following two questions: (i) How significant has TFP's role been in post‐reform Chinese growth? (ii) Has TFP growth rate slowed down in more recent years? This paper finds that: (i) the TFP growth rate for mainland China computed using the dual approach also proves high; and (ii) there has been some slowdown in TFP growth rate in recent years.     

安徽省农业生产效率的测度与分析

农业是国民经济建设与发展的基础产业,农业生产率是衡量一个国家和地区农业生产水平的重要指标。文章以安徽省地级市的农业产值为研究对象,运用调整后农业投入产出数据,采用超效率DEA模型和Malmquist指数法测算2008-2018年地级市农业生产效率。结果表明:当前安徽省只有少数地级市农业生产效率达到有效,大部分地级市农业生产效率处于增长状态,存在较大发展潜力;另外,各地级市由于技术进步水平和生产规模等不同,农业生产效率也具有较大差异。基于此,安徽省应加大农业发展投入,各地级市需因地制宜提升农业生产效率,促进农业稳定发展。     

On the Allocation of Possible EU Total Allowable Catches (TAC) for the Mediterranean Swordfish: An Envy‐Free Criterion and Equitable Procedure

This paper examines the allocation of entitlement rights for the management of common property resources. In particular, the case of allocating a Total Allowable Catch quota for the Mediterranean swordfish is examined as a case study. The proposed approach comprises three steps. First, there is a bargaining procedure between the European Union (EU) and the rest of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) countries. As soon as an initial agreement is possible, the EU considers various equitable rationing methods to allocate its share to the European Member States. These rationing methods draw upon two different streams of the literature, bankruptcy and ‘burden sharing’. Finally, the European Member States reach a fair agreement through minimising an envy‐free index. The allocation rule which is defined as the weighted average of equal proportion and equal share rationales represents the best compromise solution.     

成渝地区双城经济圈协同创新发展现状与对策

成渝地区双城经济圈的建设对于当前形成国内大循环的经济发展新格局具有重要的战略意义。本文以成渝地区制造业与生产性服务业协同集聚为研究对象,以城市层面的全要素生产率作为城市高质量发展的衡量指标,利用成渝地区16个城市2005-2018年数据,构建动态面板模型,采用系统GMM的方法实证检验成渝地区双城经济圈制造业与生产性服务业协同集聚对成渝地区城市全要素生产率的影响,并基于DEA-Malmquist的方法对城市全要素生产率进行分解,通过对产业协同集聚和全要素生产率水平的测算构建模型,并实证检验了产业协同集聚对生产率影响的效果,提出通过平台共建、政策共通、市场共融以及人才共用等方面建立一体化协同发展体系推动成渝地区双城经济圈协同创新发展。     

R&D and Absorptive Capacity: Theory and Empirical Evidence*

This paper presents a single unified framework that integrates the theoretical literature on Schumpeterian endogenous growth and major strands of the empirical literature on R&D, productivity growth and productivity convergence. Starting from a structural model of endogenous growth following Aghion and Howitt (1992, 1998) , we provide microeconomic foundations for the reduced‐form equations for total factor productivity (TFP) growth frequently estimated empirically using industry‐level data. R&D affects both innovation and the assimilation of others’ discoveries (“absorptive capacity”). Long‐run cross‐country differences in productivity emerge endogenously, and the analysis implies that many existing studies underestimate R&D's social rate of return by neglecting absorptive capacity.     

影响我国电信业发展的经济因素的实证分析

本文利用1991-2002年的时间序列数据,对影响我国电信业发展环境的经济因素———经济发展水平、市场化程度、产业结构变动、储蓄存款增长、城镇化程度、固定资产投资增长额、科技化水平等因素进行实证分析,并提出建议。     

Spillovers,Linkages and Technical Change

Using US input–output data for the period 1958–87, I find strong evidence that industry total factor productivity (TFP) growth is significantly related to the TFP performance of the supplying sectors, with an elasticity of almost 60%. R&D intensity is also found to be a significant determinant of industry TFP growth, with an estimated return of about 10–13% and the return to embodied R&D is estimated at 43%. Direct productivity spillovers, from the technological progress made by supplying sectors, appear to be more important than spillovers from the R&D performed by suppliers. They also play a key role in explaining changes in manufacturing TFP growth over time. Changes in the contribution made by direct productivity spillovers to TFP growth account for almost half of the slowdown in TFP growth in manufacturing from 1958–67 to 1967–77, and for 20% of the TFP growth recovery in this sector from 1967–77 to 1977–87. Changes in R&D intensity and embodied R&D are relatively unimportant in explaining movements in manufacturing TFP growth over these three periods.     

Growth and Productivity in Singapore Manufacturing Industries: 1975–1998

Consistently defined price and volume relatives are constructed for 18 manufacturing industries under the two-digit industry classifications officially adopted in 1996. Industry-specific output and materials price deflators for the period 1974–1998 are also constructed. Where the comparison is possible, we arrive at a markedly different conclusion from those in Tsao (1982, 1985 ) and Young (1994 ), and narrow the cause to a difference in the choice of output measure. The updated accounts show that the conventional index number measure of total factor productivity growth (TFPG) for Singapore manufacturing is 2.7% per annum for the period 1975–1998, and exhibits a cyclical pattern over time.