Resource utilization and charges of patients with and without diagnosed venous thromboembolism during primary hospitalization and after elective inpatient surgery: a retrospective study

Aims: To assess incremental charges of patients experiencing venous thromboembolisms (VTE) across various types of elective inpatient surgical procedures with administration of general anesthesia in the US.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective study utilizing data from a nationwide hospital operational records database from July 2014 through June 2015 to compare a group of inpatients experiencing a VTE event post-operatively to a propensity score matched group of inpatients who did not experience a VTE. Patients included in the analysis had a hospital admission for an elective inpatient surgical procedure with the use of general anesthesia. Procedures of the heart, brain, lungs, and obstetrical procedures were excluded, as these procedures often require a scheduled ICU stay post-operatively. Outcomes examined included VTE events during hospitalization, length of stay, unscheduled ICU transfers, number of days spent in the ICU if transferred, 3- and 30-day re-admissions, and total hospital charges incurred.

Results: The study included 17,727 patients undergoing elective inpatient surgical procedures. Of these, 36 patients who experienced a VTE event were matched to 108 patients who did not. VTE events occurred in 0.2% of the study population, with most events occurring for patients undergoing total knee replacement. VTE patients had a mean total hospital charge of $60,814 vs $48,325 for non-VTE patients, resulting in a mean incremental charge of $11,979 (p?<?.05). Compared to non-VTE patients, VTE patients had longer length of stay (5.9 days vs 3.7 days, p?<?.001), experienced a higher rate of 3-day re-admissions (3 vs 0 patients) and 30-day re-admissions (7 vs 2 patients).

Conclusions: Patients undergoing elective inpatient surgical procedures with general anesthesia who had a VTE event during their primary hospitalization had a significantly longer length of stay and significantly higher total hospital charges than comparable patients without a VTE event.     

重庆市制造业的绿色经济增长核算：2001—2010

基于生产前沿理论的绿色经济增长核算模型,不仅将技术无效率和环境代价纳入了分析框架,而且还与“物质平衡思路”一致;该模型将绿色经济增长的源泉分解为环境约束下的技术进步、技术效率变化和资本深化3大部分.对重庆市27个制造行业的经验分析结论表明:经济增长中普遍存在着技术无效率现象,但50％以上行业的技术效率都得到了改善或维持不变;资本深化是经济增长的主要源泉,而技术进步主导的全要素生产率变动在其中的贡献相对较小;技术进步是引致全要素生产率增长的主要原因.为充分发挥重庆市制造业可持续发展潜力,后续发展中必须转变经济发展方式,在环境约束下走技术进步和技术效率改善的绿色全要素生产率增长之路.     

城市工业用地产出率影响因素及区域比较—— 地级城市面板数据分析

研究目的:发现城市工业用地产出率影响因素及其影响程度和区域差异,提出相应对策以促进工业集约用地。研究方法:根据土地功能理论和经济主体动力学关系导向原则构建城市工业用地产出率双向固定效应模型,利用地级城市面板数据估计并检验工业用地产出率影响因素及作用程度并进行区域比较。研究结果:城市工业用地投资强度、就业密度和全要素生产率对1999年来城市工业用地产出率增长的贡献率分别为21.3%、-7%和85.7%;它们对工业用地产出率的边际贡献由于东中西部工业用地集约度、产业类型、劳动素质不同而呈现出区域差异。研究结论:应遏制各地尤其是中西部工业新区建设中粗放用地行为、促进工业投资并加强工业区生活配套以提升投资强度和就业密度,应在工业用地配置和评价中更加重视全要素生产率指标,应推动中西部地区工业升级并在营商环境、基础设施等方面缩小与东部的差距。     

西部现代服务业主导产业选择——基于技术进步的视角

一个地区在其现代服务业的发展过程中,如何因地制宜地选择和培育现代服务业主导产业是其在经济发展过程中需要认真思考的问题。文章从技术进步的视角出发,在对我国西部地区服务业各细分行业进行资本存量估算的基础上,分析和测度服务业各细分行业的全要素生产率(TFP)和技术进步率,并建立现代服务业主导产业的选择指标体系,采用因子分析法对各指标体系进行实证分析,最终确定批发零售贸易和餐饮业、房地产业、信息传输及计算机服务和软件业、租赁和商务服务业、交通运输及仓储和邮政业、卫生及体育和社会福利业为我国西部地区现代服务业主导产业。     

资源配置、全要素生产率与农业经济增长愿景

对2004~2010年我国不同地区农业的资源配置扭曲情况的分析表明:由于"二元经济"的影响,我国农业的资本和劳动存在着明显的跨部门配置扭曲。如能有效消除此类扭曲,我国农业TFP能提高6%~36%。各地区的资源再配置效应对农业TFP增长率有着显著影响,并且各地区的资源再配置效应存在明显差异。对全国各个地区而言,土地资源再配置效应都是影响农业资源再配置效应的主要因素,资本和劳动再配置效应则相对较弱。由此可见,促进城乡资本和劳动力市场一体化以及进一步完善农村土地流转市场是现阶段降低农业资源配置扭曲、促进农业TFP增长的主要途径。     

农业现代化对城市化进程的作用分析--基于长三角地区的实证检验

在城市化快速发展的过程中,强化农业部门的基础地位,不断提高农业现代化水平,是目前经济转型发展中的关键问题。通过提高农业现代化水平可以扩大农业部门的产出规模,增加就业,提高农村居民的收入和消费水平,同时,可以避免快速城市化所带来的经济和社会问题,以促进城乡统筹发展。文章基于长三角地区面板数据,利用Malmquist指数法测度了衡量农业现代化科技进步的 TFP增长率,进一步分析TFP时序、农业现代化投入要素以及其他影响因素对城市化率的影响程度。实证结果表明农业现代化会显著促进城市化发展,但农业现代化还需要从多方面加强,并以此提出促进农业现代化发展的政策建议。     

中国总量性非自愿失业模型生成机制研究——基于凯恩斯就业理论的视角

中国失业问题主要不是结构问题,而是总量问题。运用凯恩斯就业理论中的周期性总量性失业模型。对长期总量性非自愿失业的生成机制的研究发现,应从控制人口增长、降低劳动参与率、缩短劳动时间及实行灵活的就业制度等方面扩张潜在就业规模,从而有效治理失业问题。促进社会的和谐发展。     

Productivity and Producer Welfare in the Presence of Production Risk

Production risk is an inherent characteristic of agriculture and changes in production risk will affect the welfare of risk‐averse producers. Using standard concepts from the literature on uncertainty, we introduce a welfare measure which comprises total factor productivity (TFP), production risk and farmer risk preferences, and which reflects the impact on producer welfare of changes in production technology. An empirical application is carried out using data from a sample of Spanish dairy farms which shows how the positive impact of increases in TFP on welfare can be offset by increases in the risk premium (‘cost of risk’) to the point where welfare may decrease.     

Sewers,wastewater and newspapers: the early environmental debate on water pollution in Turku,Finland, 1887–1934

Abstract

A century ago, city dwellers became increasingly aware of urban environmental problems caused by the waste products of industry and the growing population. Like elsewhere in Europe, water pollution became an acute issue also in the city of Turku, in south west Finland, The sewer system built after 1895 discharged all the municipal and rapidly increasing industrial wastewater untreated into the River Aura in the centre of the city, As a result, the quality of the river water worsened rapidly, and the first complaint on this was published in the local newspaper in 1899. In this study we document the press debate on river water quality and wastewater problems in the local newspapers of Turku for the period from 1887 to 1934, when the plan for a wastewater treatment plant was finally completed (the plant was, however, not built until 1966). The failure of the city administrators to present any solution to the river pollution problem caused the first major public environmental debate in the city at the turn of the 20^th century. Our results show that (1) sewers were recognized by newspapers as the primary cause of worsened river water quality, (2) the necessity of a wastewater treatment plant was understood long before the actual plan was drawn up, (3) the local industries were hardly ever criticized in public for water pollution, and (4) the initiative for improvements was considered to be the responsibility of the city administrators. The debate in the local press was often hectic, many decades before the 1960s, when the environmental debate is commonly said to have started.     

金融危机下中小企业创新模式的理论思考

席卷全球的金融危机给我国中小企业带来了很大的冲击和影响。这样的国际大环境对中小企业提出了可持续发展的紧迫要求。在分析金融危机下我国中小企业创新活动的表现及特征后，为其开展以市场为导向的全面创新活动提供了一些理论建议。