日本对华直接投资对中日贸易的影响

20世纪90年代以来，日本对华直接投资中对制造业投资的比重不断提高，因而其对中日贸易关系的影响也越来越大。日本对华直接投资对中日贸易规模的影响主要通过替代效应、诱发效应、逆出口效应、贸易转向效应表现出来。总体说来，日本对华直接投资对中日贸易的替代效应很小，而对中日贸易发展的推动作用则非常明显．日本对华直接投资对中日贸易商品结构也产生了极为重要的影响，具体表现为日本对华出口的工业制成品的比重不断降低，而各种关键零部件和生产设备的比重不断提高：中国对日出口中工业品的比重、特别是工业制成品的比重则逐步提高。     

A world trade model based on comparative advantage with m regions,n goods,and k factors

This paper describes the World Trade Model, a linear program that determines world prices, scarcity rents, and international trade flows based on comparative advantage in a world economy with m regions, n goods, and k factors. The new model generalizes the World Model of Leontief et al. (1977) in ways that make it particularly useful for analyzing scenarios about sustainable development. Major properties of the model are demonstrated, and sources of the gains from trade are identified for the world as a whole and for individual regions. Illustrative results are reported for a 10-region, 8-good, 3-factor model of the world economy.     

日本经济转型为何陷入重重危机

20世纪90年代开始的日本经济衰退，让日本经济体制上的弱点暴露无疑。日本人一直想走出经济停滞不前的怪圈，但结果是屡战屡败，因此不得不从深层次上分析其失败的原因。现在日本已在全面谋求经济转型、对外开放，但日本的保守势力太强，而且无处不在。对外开放就像日本人心中的一个“死结”。日本人希望自己的经济高速发展，却不愿意对全球开放市场，也不愿放弃习惯的思维模式，因此错过了经济发展良机。     

China’s Textile Industry International Competitive Advantage and Policy Suggestion

Textile industry has long been a pillar to China’s economy thanks to its advantage in factor endowment and market scale. Trade volume of textile sector has increased by 27.11 times during the past 25 years (from the Reform and Opening). In 2005, textile export took up 15.4% of China’s total export and 24.4% of the world’s total export in textile, and the production and export of Chinese textile products are both the largest in the world. Nonetheless, China’s textile industry is facing va…     

WTO下的金融服务贸易自由化与国家经济安全

本文通过对《金融服务协议》(FSA)有关条款及制度设计的考察,说明WTO下的金融服务贸易自由化可保证成员国政策的独立性、资本的有限流动及金融资产安全;各国金融服务市场开放程度由谈判程序和正列举承诺方式决定的制度设计可保证成员国根据本国金融业竞争力水平自主决定其开放进程。文章结论认为,WTO下的成员国金融服务贸易自由化不会引致本国经济的不安全。     

农产品如何跨越绿色壁垒

近年来,我国农产品由于在自身质量、生产加工与经营模式、环境意识、产品检验与认证等方面存在的原因,在出口中屡屡遭受国外“绿色壁垒”的阻碍。为突破国际贸易中的“绿色壁垒”,提升我国农产品在国际市场上的竞争力,必须大力发展绿色农业,同时还要进一步加强农产品出口的检验、认证、信息、组织、出口保险等工作,为农产品的出口创造一个良好的服务平台。     

Exchange Rate or Wage Changes in International Adjustment？ Japan and China versus the United States

I. IntroductionSeldom have the pages of the financial press in Europe and America been so full of graveeditorializing on the need for a major depreciation of the dollar to correct the “unsustainable”current account and trade deficits of the United States. Much of this international moralizingdirects the high-growth East Asian countries to stop pegging their currencies to the dollar– or, in China’s case, to allow a large appreciation of the renminbi before moving to unrestrictedfloating.…     

ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE AND INTERNATIONAL INTERACTIONS : THE IMPACT OF MARKET POWER ON DYADIC CONFLICT AND COOPERATION

This article presents a theoretical approach to analysing how a country with market power could affect international relations. The liberal view and trade‐conflict model claim that if countries seek to protect their trade gains, trade will reduce conflict between pairs of countries, designated “actors” and “targets”. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of market power on the gains from trade. Once the distribution of trade gains is changed between countries, the conflict and cooperation relationships between countries will also alter. We apply the trade‐conflict model to derive two propositions as follows: (1) the more monopoly power over exports a monopolistic target has, the greater the amount of actor‐to‐target conflict; (2) the more monopsony power over imports a monopolistic target has, the greater the amount of actor‐to‐target conflict. To summarise, these hypotheses will predict that a country with market power reaps the gains from trade and will exhibit less conflict and more cooperation, whilst the country that is exploited will exhibit more conflict and less cooperation.     

The common external tariff of a customs union: Alternative approaches

The most prominent exception to the cardinal ‘most favoured nation’ principle of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) of 1947 is in its Article XXIV relating to Customs Unions (CUs) and Free Trade Areas (FTAs). This article required, first, the general incidence of the duties and regulations of commerce imposed by members of the CU with respect to trade with non-members shall not on the whole be higher or more restrictive than those that were applicable prior to the formation of CU or FTA, and, second, that substantially all the trade among members be free. Neither requirement was very operational, because the phrases ‘general incidence’ and ‘substantially all’ being difficult legal concepts to apply. The agreement of 1994 establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) has made ‘general incidence’ precise by defining it import-weighted average of height of barriers but without offering any rationale for the definition. Now that preferential trading arrangements such as FTAs are proliferating, reform of Article XXIV is of importance. This paper describes alternative approaches to the central question of common external tariffs of a CU. Taking off from the work of Kemp and Wan who showed the existence of a common external tariff of CU that keeps the welfare of non-members unchanged while revising that of the CU as compared to the situation prior to the formation of CU, it characterizes such a tariff structure for two leading benchmark examples as consumption-weighted average of pre-union tariffs and subsidies in the member countries.     

策略性信息传递与技术贸易的无效率

技术进步是经济增长的引擎,然而,发展中国家未能有效地利用国际技术贸易从发达国家获得自己想要的技术。原因在于,在贸易谈判开始前的了解信息阶段,由于要素禀赋的不一致,发达国家企业具有策略性传递技术质量信息以获取卖者剩余的倾向。预期到这种倾向,发展中国家的企业对发达国家企业传递的信息持不信任态度。通过寻找更多的技术供给方、减少信息质量的可能状态和参照价格标尺,策略性信息传递引起的技术交易无效率可以得到改善。