中国企业贸易类型与国际贸易集中度的关系——基于中国制造业企业微观数据的实证研究

运用2005—2006年中国制造业企业的微观层面数据,将参与贸易的企业划分为4类,采用Gini系数和Theil系数研究企业贸易类型与国际贸易集中度的关系。研究结果表明:在制造业内,中国制造业企业的贸易活动相对集中于少数制造业细分子行业;在制造业细分子行业内,少数企业的进出口贸易额占总贸易额的大部分,只有少数企业有较多的出口目的地和进口来源地,并且企业的进口来源地更为集中。     

我国农业上市公司非农化经营倒“U”型趋势研究

通过对40家农业上市公司主营业务资料数据的梳理,笔者首次提出了我国农业上市公司非农化经营呈倒\"U\"型趋势的观点,即非农化程度逐渐扩大到一定时期后开始降低并归核化。同时建立了国家与农业上市公司之间的3阶段博弈模型,对倒\"U\"型趋势进行理论解释。     

The Czechoslovak Reform Movement, 1963–1968, A Study in the Theory of Socialism

This paper examines a fundamental issue in the theory of economic organization: the optimal level of market competition. Answers in neoclassical and new institutional economics are identified and critiqued. The analysis shows that selective assumptions in both fields produce distinctly market-favoring and "more competition is better than less" conclusions. The paper generalizes these assumptions and demonstrates organization-favoring and "less competition is better" positions are equally plausible. The paper also argues that part of the market-favoring bias in these fields stems from failure to distinguish between conditions of market failure and organizational success. Given these problems in extant theory, this paper develops an alternative institutional theory of economic organization, drawing principally on ideas of Walton Hamilton and John Commons. This proposed alternative shows that the optimal level of competition occurs at an intermediate level in the competition/cooperation spectrum (a mixed economy) and varies with five key determinants of the economic order.     

Impact of heart failure on hospital activity and healthcare costs in Belgium

Summary

Heart failure (HF) is a serious public health problem worldwide. It has a high prevalence, affects mainly the elderly and causes high mortality or disability with high economic costs. The aim of the present study was to calculate the number of admissions for HF, the total in-hospital stay, the mean length of in-hospital stay and the in-hospital costs due to HF in Belgium.

Retrospective analysis of data from the national hospital registration system provided the following results. In 2001, there were 19,398 admissions with HF as a primary diagnosis, with a total in-hospital stay of 286,938 days. The mean in-hospital stay for HF was 14.8 days. The total in-hospital cost of HF as a primary diagnosis was € 94,113,827, representing 1.8% of the total hospital expenditure.

The limitations of this study are its mere focus on admissions and their characteristics in 2001, and the use of a retrospective analysis. Nevertheless, it led to the conclusion that HF was responsible for a significant number of in-hospital days, with a significant impact on healthcare costs in Belgium.