城市交通问题的产权分析

通过对多个城市的观察,发现《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》的许多条款形同虚设,得不到切实的执行。本文根据产权理论对这一现象进行了分析,解释当前城市交通问题的主要成因即：车辆的增多、无法识别、十字路口和交通意识。产权的主要作用是帮助人们形成与他人交流的信息的预期,有了清晰界定的产权,就可以减少城市交通中人与人之间的不确定性,减小冲突的发生。为此,本文提出了解决城市交通问题的政策建议,即限制行车数量、增强非机动车辆的识别能力和规范十字路口标识,提高公民城市交通意识。通过减少交易成本,清晰的界定产权等手段规范城市交通,从而帮助行人建立稳定的预期,保证道路畅通。     

Opportunities to reduce road traffic injury: new insights from the study of urban areas

Abstract

Over the past four decades considerable efforts have been taken to mitigate the growing burden of road injury. With increasing urbanisation along with global mobility that demands not only safe but equitable, efficient and clean (reduced carbon footprint) transport, the responses to dealing with the burgeoning road traffic injury in low- and middle-income countries has become increasingly complex. In this paper, we apply unique methods to identify important strategies that could be implemented to reduce road traffic injury in the Asia-Pacific region; a region comprising large middle-income countries (China and India) that are currently in the throes of rapid motorisation. Using a convolutional neural network approach, we clustered countries containing a total of 1632 cities from around the world into groups based on urban characteristics related to road and public transport infrastructure. We then analysed 20 countries (containing 689 cities) from the Asia-Pacific region and assessed the global burden of disease attributed to road traffic injury and these various urban characteristics. This study demonstrates the utility of employing image recognition methods to discover new insights that afford urban and transport planning opportunities to mitigate road traffic injury at a regional and global scale.     

群体性突发事件的CAS分析——基于利益相关者理论的视角

群体性突发事件是社会风险动态演化成为公共危机的触发事件,它是一定时期内社会复杂系统中多元利益主体互动、博弈的产物。本文以建构论危机观为指导,从群体性突发事件中的利益相关者分析入手,试图在厘清多元利益主体间变动不居的关系基础上,植入群体性事件情境下的复杂适应系统理论（即CAS）分析。     

城市道路景观设计的几点意见

城市道路的景观设计既是城市的特色也是交通安全的重要影响因素,本文通过介绍山水东路以及金石南路两条道路的景观设计,就城市道路的交通组成研究了对景观设计的要求,城市道路景观对交通的影响,提出了城市道路景观设计与交通协调的内容与方法。结果表明,城市道路的景观设计能调节道路使用者的心理状态,对改善交通状况、减少交通事故的发生有重要作用。     

铁路交通枢纽与城市综合体设计初探

通过对国内铁路旅客车站交通枢纽设计模式及国外交通枢纽城市综合体典型案例的分析和总结．提出铁路旅客车站结合物业开发设计并形成交通枢纽城市综合体将是国内铁路旅客车站发展趋势之一的观点,以期对今后铁路旅客车站的建筑设计有所启示。     

Attitudes,norms and difficulties underlying road sharing intentions as drivers and cyclists: Evidence from the Czech Republic

Cycling-inclusive urban planning is attracting attention worldwide because of the environmental, health, economic, and transport benefits inherent to cycling from the individual and the societal perspectives. The Czech Republic is one of the emerging cycling countries that are trying to promote and support cycling, but cycling mode shares are low because of the poor quality of the scarce infrastructure and the psychological barrier of the perceived lack of safety when cycling in mixed traffic. This study takes a multimodal approach based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and focuses on the factors underlying the willingness to share the road from the perspective of cyclists and drivers: positive attitudes toward cycling, positive attitudes toward cyclists’ behavior, social norms toward cycling and anxiety to share the road. A web-based questionnaire was tailor-designed and administered in the Czech Republic via social networks, web forums, and the Civinet network, and a hybrid bivariate-ordered model tested the behavioral framework. Results show that the willingness to share the road as a cyclist or as a driver relates positively to positive attitudes towards cycling and cyclists’ behavior, and negatively to the anxiety of sharing the road. Moreover, mediator effects are observed and a clear relation emerges between the experience on the road as both a cyclist and a driver on the willingness to share the road as a cyclist. Lastly, results show that the factors underlying road sharing intentions are related significantly to gender, travel habits, and perceived personal and infrastructure-related barriers to cycling.     

发展走廊沿线交通与城镇互动关系研究

本文从交通与城镇相互作用关系出发,分析了城市群地区、轴线地区、大都市区内区域交通与城镇互动的一般规律,认为在高度城市化的发展走廊沿线,区域交通与城镇群体空间发展相互促进。在城镇群体空间形成发展初期,区域综合交通组织以完善城镇之间的联系为核心,同时城镇的快速发展促进了交通走廊的形成;在城镇群体空间走向成熟过程中,区域交通设施规划建设对促进生产要素集聚和城镇空间紧凑发展、集约利用资源起着重要的引导作用,推动了多中心大都市区、网络化的城市群、城市带的形成和发展。     

河南旅游形象提升问题研究

河南的旅游业起步较晚,而旅游形象建设与其他省市相比更显滞后,随着市场竞争的加剧,旅游形象越来越突显出它的作用。河南旅游形象必须从前瞻性景观控制与规划战略、交通体系的建立与精品线路的打造战略、对外形象塑造与宣传战略、人性化的服务战略、环境保护与利益平衡战略、制度保障和形象监控战略等方面下工夫。     

城市交通与旅游协调发展定量评价——以大连市为例

城市交通和城市旅游之间互相拉动同时也互相限制,二者相互影响.实现二者高质量协调是实现城市旅游可持续发展的必由之路.因此,城市交通和旅游系统之间协调发展研究对二者共同发展具有一定的导向作用.文章以大连市为例,首次通过模糊数学建立评价体系,探究两系统间发展模式及其演变关系,为妥善处理交通和旅游的发展关系提供借鉴性参考.     

Traffic evacuation time under nonhomogeneous conditions

During many manmade and natural crises such as terrorist threats, floods, hazardous chemical and gas leaks, emergency personnel need to estimate the time in which people can evacuate from the affected urban area. Knowing an estimated evacuation time for a given crisis, emergency personnel can plan and prepare accordingly with the understanding that the actual evacuation time will take longer. Given the urban area to be evacuated, street widths exiting the area's perimeter, the area's population density, average vehicle occupancy, transport mode share and crawl speed, an estimation of traffic evacuation time can be derived. Peak-hour traffic data collected at three, midblock, Mumbai sites of varying geometric features and traffic composition were used in calibrating a model that estimates peak-hour traffic flow rates. Model validation revealed a correlation coefficient of +0.98 between observed and predicted peak-hour flow rates. A methodology is developed that estimates traffic evacuation time using the model.