Effect of driver,roadway, collision,and vehicle characteristics on crash severity: a conditional logistic regression approach

The aim of the study is to examine the factors that appear to have a higher potential for serious injury or death of drivers in traffic accidents in Turkey, such as collision type, roadway surface, vehicle speed, alcohol/drug use, and restraint use. Driver crash severity is the dependent variable of this study with two categories, fatal and non-fatal. Due to the binary nature of the dependent variable, a conditional logistic regression analysis was found suitable. Of the 16 independent variables obtained from Turkish police accident reports, 11 variables were found most significantly associated with driver crash severity. They are age, education level, restraint use, roadway condition, roadway type, time of day, collision location, collision type, number and direction of vehicles, vehicle speed, and alcohol/drug use. This study found that belted drivers aged 18–25 years involving two vehicles travelling in the same direction, in an urban area, during the daytime, and on an avenue or a street have better chances of survival in traffic accidents.     

城市轨道交通路网车站和区间的重要度分析

以复杂网络理论为基础,结合城市轨道交通路网运营的时空分布特点,对城市轨道交通路网进行拓扑建模;研究了节点和区间重要度计算方法,并提出能够表征路网运营安全的表征参数.最后以北京城市轨道交通路网为例,进行了实例分析,证明了方法的有效性.研究结果表明,该方法可以从系统网络的角度辨识系统中的关键节点和表征参数,为城市轨道交通路网安全运营管理和控制提供依据.     

采用云计算技术的网络流量检测

为了实现对现网大数据网络流量的实时、有效检测,提出了一种基于云计算的网络流量检测方案。该方案充分利用Hadoop平台Map/Reduce编程模型在海量数据处理方面的优势,采用分层化的设计思想,克服了传统检测方案在海量数据应用环境中效率低下、可扩展性与安全性不足的缺点。重庆移动DPI平台应用表明,该方案较为有效,流量检测效果良好,在大数据处理时效率较普通分布式处理有明显提高。     

北京城区交通便捷性空间分异特征及问题分析

城市交通条件是反映城市宜居性的重要标志之一,解决城市交通拥堵问题是建设"宜居北京"的重中之重。在界定研究区域,建立城市交通便捷性指标的基础上,通过对北京市部分区域进行问卷调查,基于北京市交通满意度综合评价模型,对北京市交通出行结构、出行满意度等空间分异特征进行分析。利用ArcGIS空间分析工具,将主观交通便捷性评价和客观交通相关数据进行对比分析,用以分析研究区范围内交通便捷性。结果表明,北京市交通发展中存在的问题有:城市建设与城市交通基础设施发展不协调;道路网络规划不尽合理;"职住分离"导致交通问题的加剧;公共客运交通难以应对私人交通工具的强劲挑战;城市交通管理系统缺乏有效整合。     

私家车发展状况的国际比较与借鉴

文章通过对国内外私家车发展状况的比较,得到了一些有益的启示,建议我国私家车的发展问题应该考虑到我国的综合交通运输能力,积极发展多样化的交通方式,逐步建立多层次、高效、完善、有序的交通服务系统。     

公交优先信号控制优化方法

根据信号交叉口理论,在以往信号延误研究的基础上,考虑到公交车辆平均载客数远大于社会车辆平均载客数,以减少交叉口人总延误最小为系统优化目标,分析并推导了公交优先信号控制优化模型,并用具体的实例说明了公式的用法。研究结果表明,交叉口人均延误减少量与公交车流率及优先时间的长短有关。运用该优化方法能够明显降低交叉口的人均延误,有效保证公交车的准时性,是减少公交车延误的一种可行、有效的方式。     

视频业务识别方法综述

视频用户体验的质量要求给网络传输带来了巨大挑战,未来的虚拟现实/增强现实(Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality,VR/AR) 视频业务则对交互时延提出了更高要求。视频业务识别是网络运营商及视频业务提供商对视频进行优先网络资源分配和自适应速率控制的基本前提。综述了业务识别领域的一般研究方法及其对视频业务的具体应用。首先,总结了每种业务识别方法的工作原理,对比了这些方法应用于视频业务时的优缺点及在准确率和召回率指标上的识别性能;然后,特别介绍了可以提升识别准确率和计算性能的特征选择算法;最后,阐述并分析了高吞吐量网络分类速度不够、无成熟视频业务识别平台和样本分布不均衡等视频业务识别面临的挑战,并针对现有业务识别方法存在的问题,给出了引入移动边缘计算、基于端口的方法串联其他识别方法等可能的解决方案。     

The burden of road traffic injuries in Kermanshah Province,Iran, in 2010–2011: GBD 2010 method

Deaths, injuries and disabilities resulting from road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a public health major concern. This study aims to calculate the burden of RTIs in Kermanshah Province in Iran. In this study to determine the years of life lost (YLL) related to RTIs, the National Death Registration and Forensics Medicine census data were employed. We use forensic medicine data to calculate the incidence of non-fatal injuries and years lost due to disability (YLD). The cause of death and non-fatal injuries was classified using ICD-10 codes and 23 groupes of global burden of diseases (GBD) 2010. The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimated on the guidelines of the GBD 2010 and age and sex structure was taken from the National Statistic Center for the year 2010. Overall, 70.8% of the subjects were males. The fatal and non-fatal injury rates of RTI were 51.3 and 283.6 per 100,000 persons, respectively. YLLs and YLDs were 46613 (24.5 per 1000) and 3405 (1.8 per 1000) in both sexes, respectively. The disability adjusted life years were 40711 in males, 9306 in females and 50018 in both sexes (42.5, 9.8 and 26.3 per 1000, respectively). More than 93% of DALY was from YLL (24.5 per 1000), with a small proportion for YLD (1.8 per 1000). Accounting for more than 50,000 DALY attributed to RTIs, traffic injuries is a major public health and socioeconomic problem in Kermanshah. Designing cost-effective interventions based on comprehensive and multi-sectoral programmes at the national and provincial levels can save many lives and resources that are lost every year. Undoubtedly, establishing a surveillance system at the sub-national level and measuring the burden of injuries, as in this study, can help policy-makers and planners in lessening the burden of RTIs.     

Laypeople roles at road traffic crash scenes: a systematic review

This study aimed to identify the roles of laypeople at road traffic injuries (RTIs). A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The key words of ‘laypeople’, ‘layman’, ‘layperson’, ‘bystander’, ‘first responder’, ‘lay first responder’, ‘road traffic’, ‘road traffic injury’, ‘crash injury’, ‘crash scene’, ‘emergency’, ‘trauma care’, and ‘prehospital trauma care’ were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. We did electronic search on Google Scholar, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest. Based on the reviewed studies, some factors such as cultural conditions, knowledge, relief agencies, and demographic factors affect the interventions of laypeople at the crash scene in functional areas. Regarding the permanent presence of people at the crash scene, the present study can provide an opportunity to reduce different side effects of RTIs imposed on the society.