中国交通基础设施与农村经济增长的实证研究

基础设施作为社会先行资本对经济发展有着重要作用,而交通基础设施是基础设施中很重要的部分,其发展和完善对农村经济增长有着积极的促进作用。使用C-D生产函数对农村农业部门1991～2009年29省市的面板数据进行回归,结果显示交通基础设施产出弹性为0.0327,分东、中、西部三个区域来看中部地区交通设施对经济增长影响最大,加大交通设施的投入不但可以促进中部地区经济增长,而且有利于全国范围的经济增长;对非农部门1998～2007年30省市的面板数据回归结果显示交通设施对非农部门的影响不显著。     

US affiliates,infrastructure and growth: A simultaneous investigation of critical mass

A structural model of a small open economy is developed that demonstrates how the impacts of infrastructure on GDP, factor productivity, and multinational industrial location can be decomposed into direct and indirect general equilibrium effects. The model is then estimated on a panel of 28 countries and it is found that schools and telecommunications have a positive and significant direct effect on domestic growth and that there are greater marginal returns for countries with higher investment levels; a result that is suggestive of a critical mass story. However, once spurious correlation of firm location and the indirect effects through wages and multinational activity are accounted for, the total effects of telecommunications and schools on growth are found to be higher than direct estimates would suggest. The results reveal important implications for understanding the channels through which infrastructure influences growth.     

Exchange rates and US direct investment into Latin America

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze separately the determinants of maritime transport and road transport costs for Spanish exports to Poland and Turkey (markets for which maritime and road transport are competing modes) and investigate the different effects of these costs on international trade. First, we investigate the extent to which maritime and road transport costs depend on different factors such as unit values, distances, transport conditions, service structures, and service quality. Second, we analyze the relative importance of road and maritime transport costs in comparison with distance measures as determinants of trade flows. The main results of this investigation indicate that real distance is not a good proxy for transportation costs and identify the central variables influencing road and maritime transportation costs: for both modes, transport conditions are strong determinants, whereas efficiency and service quality are more important for maritime transport costs, and geographical distance is more important for road transport. Road and maritime transport costs are central explanatory factors of exports and they seem to deter trade to a greater extent than road or maritime transit time when endogeneity is considered.     

交通基础设施与经济增长：一个文献综述

在西方主流经济学的经济增长分析框架中,交通基础设施是个助推性因素。本文试图从理论溯源中寻找交通基础设施研究的经济学基础,从现代文献的进一步拓展中梳理交通基础设施对于经济发展的作用。交通基础设施对经济发展的功能作用主要体现在外部溢出效应、效率改进效应、产业集聚效应、区域发展效应和现代化效应等5个方面。最后,本文认为,现代化交通体系对区域协调发展的效率量化等方面的影响是值得重视和深入研究的领域。     

Using vehicle monitoring technology and eco-driver training to reduce fuel use and emissions in tourism: a ski resort case study

Ground-based transport moves more tourists than any other form of transportation and contributes c. 32% of tourism's carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions – yet remains a largely neglected area of emission/carbon management research. This study examines the value of vehicle monitoring technology (VMT) and eco-driver training as a means to improve fuel efficiency and reduce CO₂ emissions for a fleet of vehicles at the largest ski resort operation in Ontario, Canada. The VMT was installed in 14 fleet vehicles. After eco-driver training, the fleet reduced its average daily speed (?14%), hard decelerations (?55%), hard accelerations (?44%), and idling time (?2%), resulting in decreased fuel costs (?8%) and CO₂ emissions (?8%). The process requires very low capital expenditures, can pay for itself in as little as one year, and has safety paybacks. It also has valuable externalities: tourism businesses that instill sustainability awareness and values to their employees contribute to environmental prosperity generally, because eco-trained drivers also drive more efficiently in their everyday lives. This is the first known study to quantify the benefits of driver training and behavioral intervention within a tourism context, demonstrating the potential to enhance environmental sustainability while simultaneously reducing operating costs. Technicalities, issues, and future application possibilities are discussed.     

Trade and transport connectivity: a spatial approach

This article aims to analyse whether transport connectivity affects trade flows using a spatial approach. We consider first-order contiguity and incorporate logistics network structure dependence in a spatial autoregressive model. The results provide evidence regarding the role of the location of logistics platforms for satisfying existing demand for transport structure in Spain.     

A comparative analysis of funding schemes for public infrastructure spending in Quebec

The economic literature has been investigating the positive relation between public infrastructure spending and the productivity of the private sector since Munnell (1992). We have introduced this relationship into a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the Quebec economy to investigate various funding schemes to scale up infrastructure spending in the province. We draw our assumptions from Estache et al. (2010) combined with sectoral elasticity parameters. We conduct a comparative analysis where the funding comes from debt alone, and debt with sales tax, income tax and business tax. Our main finding is that the income tax seems to produce the most positive effects and the businesses tax the most negative effects, though differences are small.     

海南热带农产品冷链物流系统研究

海南岛位于中国最南端,常年阳光充足,雨水充沛,有"天然温室"之美称,是发展热带农业的黄金场所。农业产值一直占海南省GDP的三分之一以上,热带农业是海南省的支柱产业之一。但由于农产品通过冷链流通的比例偏低,瓜果类农产品等大部分仍是在常温下流通,冷链物流基础设施能力严重不足,导致海南农产品在流通过程中造成的很大损失。因此,建立海南农产品冷链物流系统显得十分必要和及时,本文通过对海南热带农产品冷链物流的诸多问题的分析、研究与探讨,提出海南热带农产品冷链物流系统的解决方法和措施。     

基于蓝色经济区甩挂运输结成战略联盟研究

从战略联盟理论分析入手,通过对山东半岛蓝色经济区甩挂运输的发展现状的研究,认真分析甩挂运输的内涵,探讨山东半岛蓝色经济区甩挂运输企业联盟的可行性分析、风险及防范措施,从而得出甩挂运输企业建立联盟,并在山东半岛蓝色经济区进行实施迎来了机遇,又迎来了挑战。