“移动互联网+”蔬菜供应链社群经济创新模式的提质增效*——基于陕西3个蔬菜基地的实证分析

［目的］论证“移动互联网+”蔬菜供应链社群经济创新模式有以往传统电商蔬菜供应链模式无法比拟的优势。［方法］在提出“移动互联网+”蔬菜供应链社群经济创新模式之后,以对陕西省3个蔬菜基地的293个青椒农户的调研数据为基础,运用系统动力学理论构建蔬菜供应链因果关系图和蔬菜供应链模式的系统动力学模型,并对其进行系统仿真,分析比较“移动互联网+”蔬菜供应链社群经济创新模式和传统电商蔬菜供应链模式的农户收益和蔬菜安全情况。［结果］“互联网+”蔬菜供应链社群经济模式在减少农户的种植总成本,增加农户利润收益、保障蔬菜安全方面都优于传统电商蔬菜供应链模式。［结论］要完全实现“移动互联网+”蔬菜供应链社群经济创新模式的价值,社区平台运营商（即蔬菜销售商）必须精准定位目标群体、增强线下消费体验; 物流企业必须提高冷链效率、普及农产品质量安全可追溯; 政府必须加大扶持力度。     

寒冷地区设施蔬菜化肥减施增效技术模式社会经济效果综合评价

[目的]设施蔬菜种植过程中化肥的过量投入和利用效率低下,造成了严重的环境问题。解决这些问题的农业技术在推广应用过程中又存在农户响应度低、可持续性差等问题。为了提高农业技术推广水平,保证设施蔬菜种植的可持续性,构建全面系统的技术评价指标体系,在技术推广应用时进行科学评价是十分必要的。[方法]文章运用文献分析法、专家咨询法、专家约束下的主成分赋权法,进行实证分析。[结果]构建了由准则层、指标层和子指标层3个层次共27个子指标的设施蔬菜化肥减施增效技术评价指标体系;计算得到各项指标权重,最终结合指标数据得到5项技术模式综合得分及排序:模式1北票市越夏番茄化肥减施(0.443 2)模式3辽中区冬春茬番茄化肥减施(0.343 8)模式2灯塔市越冬番茄化肥减施(0.050 4)模式4南票区冬春茬番茄化肥减施(-0.412 5)模式5凌源市越冬长季节黄瓜化肥减施(-0.425 0)。[结论]根据评价得分结果分别围绕5项技术模式的技术、经济、社会和管理方面进行分析讨论,据此提出了技术模式推广优先序;针对各项技术的优势与劣势提出了发展设施蔬菜的政策建议,对各项化肥减施增效技术模式的完善与应用推广有重要意义。     

用电子商务手段构建新型的蔬菜流通体系

北京市是一个人口过千万的特大城市,蔬菜供应是日常生活中非常重要的一部分,建立一个适合中国国情的现代化蔬菜流通体系,不仅能提高北京市场的蔬菜供应水平,降低蔬菜价格,提高流通效率,对我国其他城市的蔬菜供应也有借鉴意义.文章通过分析北京市目前的蔬菜供应状态,对比一些发达国家蔬菜供应的做法,结合现代信息化手段,提出了用电子商务手段构建新型蔬菜流通体系的建议.     

Access of Tunisian Fruits and Vegetables to the EU Market: Potential Impacts of the Revision of the Entry Price System

Agricultural trade flows worldwide continue to be subject to country restrictions of a tariff and non-tariff nature. This is more so in the case of fruits and vegetables in view of their multiplicity. This hinders the exports of these products, which is an important objective sought by the economy of Tunisia. This article simulates the potential consequences of a possible opening up of the European market borders on fruits and vegetables coming from Tunisia and the rest of the world (ROW), following alternative tariff reduction schemes of the entry price mechanism practiced by the EU, particularly in its ad-valorem duty. The analysis uses a partial equilibrium model that takes into consideration economic aspects related to the exports of these products, regardless of their interactions with other agricultural commodities. The model is composed of a series of behavioral equations describing excess demand and supply of fruits and vegetables of all trading partners and attempts to simulate “international” market equilibrium for these commodities. Tomatoes, oranges and peaches were selected for the analysis and three trading blocs were taken into consideration: The European Union, Tunisia and the ROW. Two policy scenarios were examined (a) reduction by one third of the ad-valorem tariff and (b) its total elimination. The results suggest that the impacts would be concentrated in specific periods, varying with products and regions. In addition to possible trade volumes, Tunisia and other countries may also gain in value from exports. A significant increase in the prices of peaches and tomatoes for Tunisia would result from the liberalization process of the EU market. Volumes and prices of EU domestic supplies would however exhibit moderate reductions.     

耐贮大路货性果蔬品销售策略的探讨——以湖南石门柑桔销售为例讨论

对耐贮大路货性的果蔬品的销售策略有五条：树立果蔬的地方品牌和加强其食补价值的宣传;发展鲜品加工工业：扩大国际市场销售：政府适当的指导价及公示鲜果的平均种植成本：果蔬的物流增值——近／远距销售．应／延时销售。建立了销售价格g,销售成本c与物流距离x,销售延时t之间利润计算公式,并用示意图表明x和t与利润厂之间的关系,对销售经纪人有指导意义。     

GIS在果蔬物流配送中的应用

针对果蔬物流配送的特点,简要归纳国内果蔬物流的发展情况,并分析我国传统配送模式存在的问题。根据现代物流的发展,物流配送系统的设计,介绍应用GIS技术的现代物流系统的总体结构及其具体功能,在VB语言中插入MapObjects控件进行编程设计。提出GIS技术在物流配送系统中的应用,有利于加强对物流过程的全面控制和管理,实现高效、高质的物流配送服务。     

成本收益视角下中国设施蔬菜生产效率研究以黄瓜、番茄栽培为例

目的 文章以番茄与黄瓜为例,以设施、露地蔬菜栽培宏微观数据为支撑,以纬度和降雨为划分区域依据,从成本收益及效率评价视角出发,回答中国设施农业发展方向的问题。方法 运用比较分析以及SFA-Malmquist方法,测算与拆解全要素生产率指标。结果 （1）从中国设施现状来看：中国设施蔬菜具“高产量、高收益、高价格”的“三高”优势和“收益率优势不显著、劳动生产率低”的“双重”劣势;中国设施蔬菜产业仍属“劳动密集型”产业;设施蔬菜经济投入相对较高,影响设施蔬菜的竞争力水平。（2）从设施栽培全要素生产率来看：中国设施农业全要素生产率稳定增长,但生产效率徘徊不前,栽培品种间、区域间全要素生产率增长的主要驱动因素不同。（3）对比设施和露地效率：全要素生产率的变动基本一致;生产效率表现为“设施>露地”,露地栽培种间效率差异大;技术进步增长表现为“设施<露地”,区域特征显著。结论 中国设施蔬菜全要素生产率稳定递增,属于“技术进步诱导+技术效率推动”的增长模式。     

Adherence to WHO’s nutrition recommendations in the UK: Dietary patterns and policy implications from a national survey

Analysis of dietary patterns has largely focused on their association with diseases or risk factors, but limited research has been conducted on the heterogeneity of population dietary patterns and their adherence to international or national nutritional guidelines. As a result, the aim of this study is to identify latent dietary patterns of UK residents and to assess how well different segments comply with WHO dietary norms.To achieve this objective, the UK’s National Diet and Nutrition Surveys for 2011–12 dataset was analysed performing a latent class analysis on energy (kcals) derived from selected food groups. To assess adherence to different dietary patterns of the British population to nutritional guidelines, a traffic light system and a composite conformity index were developed to establish how well the identified segments comply with current dietary WHO norms regarding salt, free sugars, total fat, saturated fat, fruit and vegetables and dietary fibre.Results show four different segments which on the basis of heterogeneity of dietary patterns were named ‘high sugar/high fat consumers’, ‘prudent eaters’, ‘high fat consumers’ and ‘junk food eaters’. These segments show significant differences within and between groups in terms of dietary calories intakes and their adherence to WHO norms. Although ‘prudent eaters’ are closer to WHO dietary guidelines than other segments, none of the identified segments fully comply with dietary WHO norms. Policy implications of these findings are fully discussed in the conclusions arguing how current, future and potential dietary demand and supply measures affect consumers’ compliance with WHO norms.     

Marketing cooperative vs. commission agent: The Turkish dilemma on the modern fresh fruit and vegetable market

In Turkey, the Wholesale Markets Law was enacted in 1995 to facilitate small-scale growers’ access to the fresh produce market. Cooperatives and commission agents have thus become the main marketing structures available to small-scale fresh produce growers, to supply supermarkets and comply with their new requirements. In this paper, we question the advantages and disadvantages that confront small farmers with respect to those marketing structures to allow for market matching or quality upgrading. Drawing on ownership and transaction cost arguments, we use an analytical framework to identify and compare the costs of these marketing organizations. Based on data collected through a large number of interviews with stakeholders, we show that commission agents and credit cooperatives tend to be more efficient than traditional cooperatives as regards sales performance and decision costs. However, the lack of apparent competition between commission agents does not allow for sufficient provision of incentives for producers to invest in high-quality production. Consequently, credit cooperatives are the only structure progressively turning to strategies of quality upgrading and supermarket supply. The flipside of such strategies is that they may lead to the marginalization of small-scale farmers.     

大型蔬菜批发市场的物流配送模式浅析

随着市场经济的发展．物流配送对于大型蔬菜批发市场显得越来越重要。物流配送模式的选择对于蔬菜市场的发展起着关键的作用。文章首先分析了大型蔬菜批发市场的物流配送模式现状．之后指出大型蔬菜批发市场物流配送模式的影响因素,并在此基础上提出了相应的优化措施。