The Status Quo and Policy to Develop International Logistics Aiming at Southeast Asia in Yunnan Province

This article focuses on the regional advantages to develop international logistics aiming at Southeast Asia in Yunnan province and intends to prove that it＇s of great significance to develop this kind of international logistics. Further, it analyzes the status quo, market demand and problems existing in Yunnan＇s international logistics and puts forward proposals as how to develop international logistics aiming at Southeast Asia in Yunnan province.     

Towards a geography of tourism

This paper traces the development of geographical interest in tourism during the past half century and examines the range and scope of the geography of tourism. The available literature is reviewed and suggestions are made regarding possible research aveneus and theoretical developments. Six major areas of interest are identified: spatial aspects of supply, spatial aspects of demand, the geography of resorts, patterns of movements and flows, the impact of tourism, and models of tourist space. Through an emphasis on spatial interaction an attempt is made to provide some cohesion and synthesis for this body of knowledge which constitutes the basis of the geography of tourism.     

受托责任下会计信息供需探析

会计信息反映企业价值运动的可计量的一种经济信息,是具有经济后果的。在新会计准则已明确会计报告以使用人为目标的受托责任下,会计信息需求就成为会计信息系统运行的重要依据。但作为信息提供方的管理当局,必然是维护自身的经济及社会利益最大化,有背离受托责任的强烈动机。为此,运用博弈论方法对博弈均衡进行推导,进而为量化规范上市公司会计信息供给以及对其监管问题提供依据。     

基于多变量的中国货币需求函数实证分析

随着我国经济体制改革的深化,建立货币需求模型的变量因子也在发生变化。然后,根据我国近年来货币实际需求,选取变量因子建立货币需求模型,并进行了实证分析。在实证分析的基础上,提出了提高货币政策有效性的政策建议。     

加强与改进高职院校的思想政治工作

高职学生有自卑感较普遍、忧虑感较强烈、学习动力不足等现象。应针对其思想实际,加强思想政治工作,在增加新内容,开辟新途径,创造新方式上下功夫。     

The value and effects of introducing high standard train and bus concepts in Blekinge, Sweden

A set of improvements were introduced on a railway line in the south of Sweden in January 1992, including a new train concept, improved timetable and lower fares. The new train replaced a combination of old rail cars and standard coaches (bus). Furthermore, 18 months later, a new high comfort coach (bus) service was introduced as a complement to the train timetable to increase the number of departures. Forecasts from a national four-step model system, based on Revealed Preference data, which did not cover explanatory factors like mode concept, comfort, mode image, was made and compared with a forecast based on stated preference data choice model. Both type of forecasts were compared to travel statistics. Stated Preference data have been collected from car drivers, coach and train passengers. The set of improvements have been included in the SP alternatives presented to the subjects. A structured logit model, a regression model and a linear programming model are compared. Unstructured and structured logit models are compared. Logit models have been estimated and used to form a mode choice model which predicts the changes in market shares between the train and car. The choice model forecast coincide, accidentally, with actual demand 8–9 months after the introduction of the set of improvements (a 40% increase in journeys). The set of improvements, including the new train service, has proven to be a success with more than 100% increase in travel after only two years of operation. Differences in estimated logit models for 1991 and 1992 are explained as partly due to asymmetry effects and partly to shortcomings in the SP data collection technique. Logit model estimates for train and coach are compared. The value of high standard coach service, running in parallel to the train, is estimated. The new coach gained few new passengers and also a much lower monetary value than the train by both train and bus passengers.     

A Sample Selection Approach to Censored Demand Systems

The multivariate sample selection model is extended to a nonlinear equation system with partial selection and applied to household meat consumption in China. Elasticity estimates differ from those obtained from conventional maximum likelihood and Tobit estimates. Chinese meat products are gross complements while net substitution also exists in some cases.     

How Big is the Crowding-Out Effect of User Fees in the Rural Areas of Ethiopia? Implications for Equity and Resources Mobilization

Using a nested multinomial logit model, this study investigates the demand “reduction” and “diversion” effects of user fees in rural areas of Ethiopia. The results reveal that an increase in user fees of public clinics, which are the most widely used alternative, can have a significant demand reduction effect on the poorest of the poor. This implies that despite cost recovery has been advocated as an alternative means of health care financing in most of the developing world, increasing user fees may drive the poorest segment of the population out of the health care market unless some protective measures are taken.     

How should Central Banks determine and control their bank note inventory?

This paper looks at a relatively unresearched but important area in money and banking – namely the provision of currency by the Central Bank. One of the most important functions of Central Banking is the provision of liquidity to the economy. However, in fulfilling this function, Central Banks have to be prepared for unexpected money demand shocks as well as production, transportation and cost of capital constraints. The paper develops a dynamic cost minimizing note inventory model that solves for the Central Bank’s optimal note order size and frequency. As part of the modeling exercise a value at risk model is used to solve for an inventory “cushion.”     

扩大内需政策的效率审视

我国扩大内需政策拉动了投资需求,却难以启动消费需求,其效率低下。政策之所以低效既有内因也有外因,内因是政策缺陷,主要表现为政策缺乏可行性、针对性、必要的力度以及积极财政政策的固有弊端,外因是不理想的制度环境,表现为与消费活动三个基本构成要素消费主体、消费客体及消费环境相关的制度或体制问题,包括不合理的收入分配制度、易导致产品同质化的行政区经济管理体制和重工轻农的财政投资体制。要提高扩大内需政策的效率,就要注意政策行为的科学性,并推进各相关制度的改革。