Analysis and Forecast of the State of Environmental Protection in Russia

The main purpose of the present study is to analyse the emission dynamics of atmospheric and water pollutants in Russia and cost of their removal in the 1980s and early 1990s, and to forecast them by means of a Dynamic Input–Output Model according to different scenarios of future economic development till 1998. Main results of the work are:– methodological principles have been elaborated for singling out the environmental protection sector within the national economy;– a method has been offered for including the ecological block into a Dynamic Input–Output Model of the Russian economy;– a method of data preparation has been elaborated for the ecological block of the above-named model, the data base which characterizes the ecological situation in Russia has been formed and analysed;– calculations for 1994–1998 have been executed for forecasting the economic and ecological development of Russia using the above-mentioned model and the results obtained have been analysed. The results showed that if the existing tendencies towards low environmental protection capital costs remain the same, then the negative environmental impact will increase. In order to implement ecological programs and international agreements, to increase the proportion of removed pollutants, it is necessary to increase substantially expenditures on purifying water and air resources. The proportion of environmental protection investments in the total amount of the national economy capital costs should increase by up to 12–40% according to different scenarios of the economic development and different purposes of the environmental protection policy.     

水利与生态环境

本文以实例说明水利建设中缺乏生态环境意识会出现的弊端,提出水利建设的规划、设计、施工、管理全过程都应按生态经济环境水利模式来搞,使我国水利工作进入生态经济环境水利化阶段。     

农业水权:农民的紧箍咒还是护身符

在水资源日益短缺、新增水源困难、用水效益较高的形势下,工业用水与城镇用水需从农业水权转让中获得,关于农业水权的研究因此成为水权管理中的重要课题。本文从产权的权利位阶出发,探讨了农业水权的定位,论述了明晰农业水权的必要性与可行性,认为农业水权的界定既是农民的紧箍咒,也是农民的护身符。     

我国西南地区水土治理及西部大开发的实证研究

无论是从问题的实质,还是方法论的角度来讲,水土治理都是西南地区经济开发中的一项战略性工程。通过对云南省红河州具体的水土流失现状、危害和治理的紧迫性和治理中存在的主要问题的分析,提出了西南地区水土治理的总体战略设想和具体的治理措施。     

南水北调中线工程几点思考

本文从四个方面对南水北调中线工程进行了思考:①进行费用效益分析可以使决策更加科学化;②将水资源本身价值纳入经济分析之中实属必要;③需水区节水与调水投资效益比较十分重要;④选择合适的调水时间.对南水北调中线工程决策具有参考价值.     

北京饮用水源保护的实践与思考

密云、怀柔水库是北京城市、生活用水的重要水源，饮用水源保护是北京市城市总体建设的重要组成部分，本文通过分析饮用水源保护区的自然、地理、经济条件，回顾总结过去实施饮用水源保护的有效措施，提出了面向21世纪，加大饮用水源保护的具体措施和重点。     

人力资源专员的素质要求

本文选择北方某区域型中心城市5个月的相关平面招聘广告，采用非介入性研究的方法进行内容分析和数据统计，从而发掘当前人力资源专员素质要求的实质。最后，构建创建与变革时期人力资源专员的素质模型，并对该期人力资源专员的素质要求提出若干建议。     

浓缩法处理凉亭山水厂排泥水的研究

黄石市凉亭山水厂生产能力为24万m^3／d，在生产过程中，产生了大量的排泥水。对用浓缩法处理排泥水进行了深入研究，具体包括污泥总量的估算，工艺流程的确定及主要设施的构造设计等。浓缩后的排泥水含固率大于3％，上清液SS小于150mg／L。     

新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝的混凝性能

作者对新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)制备的工艺条件进行了研究，制备出性能稳定，效果良好的产品。用该产品对不同水质进行混凝试验，结果表明PASS有良好的混凝效果和广泛的适用范围。     

Inter-basin water transfers under uncertainty: Storage capacity and optimal guaranteed deliveries

This paper deals with water transfers between jurisdictions not claiming riparian rights to the same water source, and taking place through straightforward sales. Taking into account the uncertain nature of water surpluses, we investigate, within a partial equilibrium framework, the implications of a third party's provision of storing facilities upon the potential supplier's decision whether, and to what extent, it is worthwhile to guarantee a constant amount of water exports. The analysis suggests that there exists a minimum storage capacity below which the potential supplier will never find it profitable to divert a constant amount of water outside his boundaries; the greater the uncertainty about future surpluses and/or internal costs due to even occasional water shortages resulting from the water export commitment, the higher the required minimum storage capacity will be. Above this minimum, an increase in the capacity would be better for the surplus agent, but in a situation in which water surplus is expected to decrease over time, increases in storage capacity would make him willing to guarantee a smaller amount of water deliveries.This work has been carried out under the auspices of the European Science Foundation's research program Sharing fresh water resources in the Mediterranean region: An economic perspective. Previous versions have been presented at ESF workshops held at the Universities of Haifa, Padova and Crete. Financial support from MURST (funds 40% — 1992) is gratefully acknowledged. We wish to thank Nunzio Cappuccio, Haluk Akdogan, Karl Mäler, Mordechai Shechter, Naomi Zeitouni, and two anonimous referees for helpful comments. The usual disclaimer applies.