家庭农场退出诱发的专用性资产问题研究

研究目的:明确家庭农场专用性资产的构成和特点,探究家庭农场退出对专用性资产的影响,提出家庭农场退出时专用性资产的处置策略与方案。研究方法:文献资料法、规范分析法。研究结果:在家庭农场退出时,应当妥善处理好专用性资产的闲置浪费、权利归属不清晰、价值评估与补偿等问题,否则,不利于家庭农场正常有序的进入机制和退出机制的构建。研究结论:(1)在家庭农场退出时,应通过家庭农场的整体转让、整体出租或者专业机构托管经营等途径,盘活专用性资产,帮助家庭农场主收回前期投资;(2)依据竞争性和排他性为标准,区分产品的不同类型,对照确定专用性资产的权利主体归属,并通过完善法律赋予设施农用地等专用性资产的物权属性;(3)组建家庭农场资产评估小组,建立公开、公正、透明的专用性资产评估程序,选择科学的方法评估专用性资产的价值,根据实际情况,合理确定专用性资产的补偿主体。     

城市滨水旅游意象及其对旅游者选择意愿的影响研究——以南京、武汉、上海滨水区为例

旅游意象不仅对旅游地建设有重要意义,而且还会影响到旅游者的选择意愿与选择行为。采用对应分析方法对南京、武汉和上海滨水区的26个意象属性进行了比较分析,并用Logit回归分析方法探讨了城市滨水旅游意象对旅游者选择意愿的影响。结果表明,3大滨水区在游客心目中的意象各不相同;游客对上海滨水区的意象属性认知最为强烈,武汉滨水区次之,南京滨水区最弱;除了安全卫生这个共同的意象因子外,影响上海、武汉与南京3大城市滨水区游客选择意愿的最主要意象因子分别是滨水区城市建设、旅游环境与人文资源。     

存量规划时代城镇低效用地再开发的思考

研究目的:总结中国城镇低效用地再开发试点的总体情况和主要特征,分析再开发的现实挑战,探讨再开发的重点与方向。研究方法:对比分析法。研究结果:(1)从总体情况来看,存在内涵外延尚未统一、工作目标基本一致、改造类型因地制宜等特点;(2)从主要特征上看,试点城市工作开展的内在动因各异,规划模式多样,激励措施丰富;(3)从现实挑战上看,主要存在政策瓶颈未突破、规划统筹仍不足、制度体系不健全等问题。研究结论:从10个试点城市开展的城镇低效用地再开发情况来看,存量规划时代应当重点完善目标内涵、落实规划先行、推动实施创新。     

滨水城市园林景观设计初探

滨水城市是居民最向往的旅游和生活的城市之一,作者就滨水城市园林景观设计这一话题,首先分析了水体、绿地与城市的关系,介绍了目前滨水城市生态环境的现状,提出了滨水城市园林景观的规划原则,制定了滨水城市园林景观的规划一般方法,为滨水城市园林景观设计提供了理论依据。     

Institutional stakeholder participation in urban redevelopment in Tehran: An evaluation of decisions and actions

Experimentation with citizen participation in urban redevelopments is increasing worldwide. This paper aims to scrutinise this trend through an in-depth case study of the decisions and actions taken by the institutional stakeholders involved in participatory urban redevelopment in Tehran, Iran. The discussion is based around two contrasting urban redevelopment areas which set out to adopt a participatory approach involving various stakeholders including institutions (the Municipality of Tehran and the Heritage Organisation) and local owner-occupiers, developing new knowledge, understanding, and clarity about the concept and application of participation in urban redevelopments in developing countries. In both areas, the institutions invited owners to participate in the physical and economic improvements of their places through land assemblage or sharing redevelopment costs. In this study a range of qualitative methods are used including photo-elicitation techniques (PEI) and semi-structured interviews with locals, officials and professionals.The results show the vulnerability of the process. This was revealed when one institution did not maintain their role and when some owner-occupiers acted as free-riders. This highlights the challenge of building an enduring collaboration between institutional stakeholders from the planning to in-use stages, in particular the difficulties that arise as different institutions become involved in the process. This issue is more problematic when resources are limited and/or intermittent. As the results show, the institutional collaboration was smoother when fewer stakeholders were involved in decision making. In the commercial case, there were more complaints about overdue completion in the projects due to poor institutional collaboration. We recommend the need for an agreed mechanism prior to such initiatives where the role of the various stakeholders and their responsibilities are clearly cited, and where all different impact scenarios from the planning to in-use stage are set out.     

Contextual Urban Theory and the ‘Appeal’ of Gentrification: Lost in Transposition?

The significance of practising theory in context reflects current debates in urban studies as well as the history of poststructural thought whose scholarship, informed by postcolonial critique and understandings of ethics and responsibility in international research collaboration, continues to give evident substance to the nature of epistemological violence. This essay takes up the challenge of contextual theory and empirical research through a critical comparative approach that ultimately finds how the expansive gentrification balloon pops as a consequence of assumptions and misassumptions that leave consequential data hiding in plain sight. The contributions of this essay include treatment of the transposition of ideas as a theoretical, methodological and ethical problem, and an original comparative summary of the frequency of ‘gentrification’ in the news media of ten major cities in addition to the print and online media of Hong Kong. The analysis demonstrates not only how context matters in research design, but also how distinction in the articulation of theoretical argument will be upheld or deflated by knowledge of, and acquired in, context. The essay summarizes the arguments for the larger Interventions forum, and concludes that a critical‐theoretical comparative international urban studies generates and builds through refinement of theory in iterative dialogue with historical processes.     

Justifying Redevelopment ‘Failures' Within Urban ‘Success Stories': Dispute,Compromise, and a New Test of Urbanity

Large‐scale waterfront redevelopment projects, an urban development phenomenon that originated in the 1970s, are attractive to a growing suite of cities worldwide. But why? These mega‐projects are full of pitfalls, broken promises, cost overruns, disappointments and are often accused of promoting inequality. In this article, we consider the specific case of Melbourne's Docklands, which local popular opinion has roundly judged a failure despite the countervailing judgment of success in the revival of ‘liveability' of the adjacent Melbourne central business district. We use the Docklands case to illustrate the utility of a ‘critical pragmatic' framework of analysis to get behind dominant explanations of the demands of the urban growth machine and postmodern neoliberal capitalism. Without denying the existence of these dynamics, nor their hegemony, we nevertheless explicate how a critical pragmatic analysis can reveal the social dynamics driving the judgments and justifications offered by actors in urban redevelopment. A pragmatic analysis of these dynamics of argument and action at critical moments in the long process of an urban redevelopment can reveal new kinds of compromises and tests by which these projects are judged. In other words, what counts as failure and as success in the work of city building will shift, depending on what actors do and how they talk about it, and on how well these actions and justifications hold up to public challenges about the true character of a successful city. By gauging how these challenges are constituted and settled, we can better understand the evolution of the urban value proposition, and the new notion of justice grounded in urbanity that is emerging at the urban redevelopment frontier.     

Assemblages of Urban Leisure Culture in Inner‐City Bucharest

Inner‐city redevelopment in the south‐eastern European metropolis of Bucharest has been an intriguing object of analysis. Having been neglected for a long time by its inhabitants, urban politics and the local economy, the historical inner city recently experienced tremendous development of its evening/night‐time economy and leisure culture, as though it had received fresh impulses from European integration. However, there is no single cause which effected this unexpected proliferation. Therefore, this article traces the contingent ways in which the inner city has been affected, mainly through an empirical reconstruction of socio‐material assemblages of inner‐city leisure culture. A typology of (partial) assemblages is developed, which illustrates the heterogeneity, contingency and changeability of emerging temporary relations between various social, material and ideational elements. We demonstrate how localism and internal replication of limited business concepts have triggered the selective adaptation of various symbols of modernization. Against this background we argue that post‐transformational urbanity involves contingent social self‐referencing and socio‐material assemblage, rather than the adoption of prevailing translocal models of urban development. A critical reassessment of assemblage theory, as applied to this particular urban context, leads to final considerations concerning possible theoretical readjustments.     

厦门马銮湾水域规划生态模式探析

文章提出了城市水域规划的生态原则和"五位一体"的生态模式,针对厦门市马銮湾的实际情况,从水景观、水文化、水经济、水安全及水健康"五位一体"的角度,进行了生态化、立体化规划设计,充分展现水域生态在城市生态系统中的重要作用,并指出了城市水域可持续发展的生态途径。     

对我国旧城改造的若干思考

本文分析了我国现阶段城市旧城改造中普遍存在的重视再开发,忽视修复与保护;重视城市土地利用,忽视城市环境建设;重视城市景观,忽视城市功能等问题,指出深化城市布局和地域结构的调整,加强城市环境的综合治理,重视城市近现代建筑的保护是今后我国城市旧城改造的重要课题。