基于卫星遥感及SPAMS的石家庄市2017年秋冬季首次污染过程研究

2017年10月26日—28日,石家庄市出现了2017年冬防期以来的第一次重污染天气。为了进一步弄清此次污染过程的主要污染来源,以石家庄市空气质量自动监测站实况数据资料为基础,从气象条件影响、组分特征、时空变化、区域污染分布演变等方面进行了详细剖析。结果表明,在此次污染过程期间,地面持续处于低压幅合,相对湿度达80%以上,地面为偏南风,区域传输明显,致使26日开始污染物迅速累积。期间PM_2.5和PM₁₀在每日晚高峰时段出现明显上升,可能与本地机动车尾气排放与人们下班后活动增加有关;同时,根据对污染过程期间主要污染物PM_2.5的组分分析,得出PM_2.5的主要组分来源为机动车尾气,贡献率达到了35.3%,说明了机动车尾气排放为本地主要污染排放源。综合以上结果可知,石家庄市自然区位和气象条件先天不利,大气环境容量脆弱,只有采取力度更大的管控和减排措施,尽最大努力降低本地基准污染量和浓度,才能达到污染削峰的目的。     

浅析DYYZⅡ型自动气象站常见故障及排除方法

通过对自动气象站安装,维修过程中遇到的实际问题的分析,介绍了自动站工作原理、常见故障的判断和处理方法     

地面卫星信息监测分析服务系统软件设计中的关键技术

地面综合气象卫星信息监测分析服务系统是卫星系统应用的重 要组成部分。根据其功能实现的需要,通过采用基于ArcGIS的遥测信息处理、基于空间信息 的时间属性叠加存储,以及基于索引查找的海量信息定位等方法,搭建了气象卫星信息监测 分析服务系统软件设计所涉及到的地理信息与遥感信息相结合、时空一体化数据存储、海量 数据图像处理与显示等关键技术的实现方案,为该气象卫星的整体成功应用奠定了坚实的 技术基础。     

Access to markets,weather risk,and livestock production decisions: Evidence from Ethiopia

Despite several studies showing the effect of access to markets and weather conditions on crop production, we know quite little on whether and how livestock production systems respond to variation in weather risk and access to markets. In this paper, we study whether and how livestock production responds to (access to) markets and varying weather risk. We also explore whether such responses vary across livelihood zones and livestock production systems. We study these research questions using households’ livestock production, ownership, and marketing decisions of households in Ethiopia. We find that households living close to markets are more likely to engage in market-oriented livestock production and use modern livestock inputs. We also find that households exposed to more unpredictable weather are less likely to engage in livestock production for markets, rather they are more likely to engage in livestock production for precautionary savings and insurance. Furthermore, greater rainfall uncertainty influences livestock portfolio allocation toward those which can be easily liquidated while also discouraging investment in modern livestock inputs. However, these responses and patterns vary across livelihood zones and production systems; most of these stylized responses and impacts are more pronounced and significant in the arid and semi-arid lands of Ethiopia, where livestock herding remains a dominant source of livelihood. Those households relying only on livestock production seem more sensitive and responsive to weather risk and weather shocks. The heterogeneity in responses and impacts of weather risk among farming systems and livelihoods highlights the need for more tailored livestock sector policies and interventions.     

中国天气指数保险试点的运行及其评估——以安徽省水稻干旱和高温热害指数保险为例

本文从运行层面评估了中国安徽天气指数保险试点计划.研究发现,中国指数保险试点在运行层面积累了丰富的经验,也面临不少的挑战.为了提高指数保险试点的运行效果,需要加强政府的支持力度、为指数保险寻找已有的发展平台、提高保险意识与促进销售、建立严格的法律和监管体系以及发挥农户这一重要主体的积极性,建立其参与农业保险制度决策与管...     

基于低碳经济视角的中国能源结构灰色关联度分析

中国正处于经济高速发展的进程中,经济的可持续发展要求中国走低碳发展的道路,要改变以往的高消耗、高排放的经济发展模式.文章通过对中国近9年来的能源生产结构进行了灰色关联度分析,发现原煤、原油、天然气、新能源与总能源的关联度分别为0.873 5、0.608 3、0.725 1、0.762 9.结果表明,中国经济的发展是以消耗原煤为主要能源手段,这种能源结构不利于建构低碳经济.为了实现国民经济的可持续发展,建设"两型社会",必须大力调整产业、能源结构,提高能源的使用效率.     

天气风险管理策略分析

以一般风险的定义和分类原则为指导,创新地把天气风险分为天气灾害风险、一般天气风险、气候变化风险三类,分别给出了严格的界定,并以天气风险发生概率和对目标影响程度作为维度绘制了天气风险坐标图,在此基础上详细分析了相应的天气风险管理策略。     

Weathering the storm: Accountability implications for flood relief and recovery from a local government perspective

This paper investigates the role of accounting and the nature of accountability from the perspective of local government managers in the context of multiple flood events. The flood events occurred in the State of Victoria, Australia during 2010‐11, and rural regions were the most severely affected by this natural disaster. The findings demonstrate that convoluted governance and extensive State and Federal Government funding arrangements resulted in some confusion among local councils and communities as to their eligibility for, and the timing of, financial support. Within this context, the study findings revealed how, as the first point of contact for local residents, small rural shires with limited financial and human capacity used accounting to address the impact of a natural disaster on a personal level.     

Pricing Weather Insurance with a Random Strike Price: The Ontario Ice-Wine Harvest

Weather insurance within the agricultural sector has been limited by the difficulty in defining the appropriate weather event and in pricing the product. We develop a new pricing method for weather insurance under situations where returns depend not only on the occurrence of the weather event, but also its timing. The method is used to price weather insurance for ice wine. Because the harvest quantity of grapes for ice wine degrades over time, the strike value on the weather event measured as harvestable hours is random. We develop a Monte Carlo method to estimate the premium.     

外商直接投资企业对京津冀大气环境的影响研究

据环保部2014年城市空气质量报告显示,京津冀地区13个城市达标天数比例平均为42.8%,重度及以上污染天数比例为17%,高于全国74个城市11.4个百分点。京津冀地区PM2.5年均浓度为93微克/立方米,12个城市超标,京津冀成为中国大气污染最严重的地区,外商直接投资企业在促进京津冀经济增长的同时也对大气环境造成了较大影响。为此,必须加大再生能源与清洁能源和先进环保科技与设备的引资及引进,优化外商投资产业结构。政府要严格执法,用法律、法规"倒逼"传统外资企业转型升级。