Sustainability and Land tenure: Who owns the floodplain in the Pantanal,Brazil?

In seeking to achieve poverty alleviation and environmental conservation, public policy has often centred on guaranteeing land titles to local peoples. However, such approaches have brought unintended outcomes, replacing small-scale economies and natural areas by intensive exploitation of resources with no clear improvement in local people’s wellbeing. To understand this, we go beyond a general political ecology framing to consider relations between sustainability and land tenure, focusing on the intersection of economics, ecology and anthropology to understand how land tenure, property and use play out on the ground. We draw together different concepts including bundle of rights, de facto and de jure resource use, property regimes, density-dependence and non-equilibrium theory. The significance of this three-discipline view is illustrated through a case study of the Pantanal wetland, Brazil, where conservationists, the government and the local population contest ownership of the Paraguay River floodplain. Government sought to address conflicts around tenure and access through a narrow view of property, which failed to encompass the overlapping layers of land tenure, property and use on the ground and only served to create further legal battles. This article concludes that a more complex view combining the three perspectives is needed in the case of the Pantanal, and in other cases of contested property rights, in order to resolve conflicting claims and foster sustainability. We dissect both the power plays involved between different groups competing for control of a valuable resource, and the legal frameworks which can and should provide checks and balances in the system. The more nuanced grasp that emerges of local systems of tenure and access, of how these diverge from western property concepts, and of their environmental implications favours a better understanding of local realities, allowing for better management policy and consequently contributing more effectively towards poverty alleviation and environmental protection.     

评价体验英语综合教程第一册(英文)

通过衡量体验英语综合教程第一册,得出教师对于教科书必须持客观态度,并通过教师自己的修改和补充,来更好的利用它。     

强化质量意识 需从细节做起——从表面形貌特征评定参数的拓展谈起

工件的某些表面形貌特征会对产品的性能和质量产生重大的影响,因此,拓展表面形貌特征的评定参数,以提升产品的质量监控水平已成为必需。文章以工件的回转密封面为例,就螺线纹理这一表面微观结构的形貌特征及其可能引起的产品质量隐患做了详细的说明,并介绍了如何利用精密仪器实施相关的测量。文中透过对这一往往被业内忽略的细节的监控思路,阐明了在企业内,强化质量意识必须从重视每个细节做起的观点。     

Influence of Hotel Information System Quality on System Use and User Satisfaction

ABSTRACT

By applying DeLone and McLean's Updated D&M IS Success Model, this study seeks to understand the influence of information system quality on the intention to use the system and user satisfaction within the context of HIS. Data used for the study were obtained from a survey that focuses on hotel employees' evaluation of HIS quality and their intention to use and satisfaction with the system. The results indicate that information system success measures can be meaningfully explained by HIS quality. Service quality that often represents support from information service providers within an organization, among the three aspects of HIS quality considered, has a significant positive influence on users' intention to use HIS and their satisfaction with the system, given the consideration of users' demographic characteristics, career, and the level of work reliance on HIS. Practical and theoretical insights of the findings are addressed.     

钢管工字钢在门洞支架中的应用

新建道路施工与已有道路的正常营运形成交叉干扰,带来的安全问题也越来越突出。为确保施工及维持交通安全,我公司采用钢管工字钢柱式门洞支架,进行预留门洞保持车辆安全通行。     

浅谈修辞手法在英语写作中的运用

英语写作是一个学生英语综合素养的重要体现。一篇好的文章，除了追求思想深刻，内涵丰富，意境深远外，还应重视文辞。运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。善于根据表达的需要选择精妙的修辞，会使你的文章出奇出新，增色添彩。     

浅析民办高校教师福利待遇的现状

近30年来,我国民办高等教育经过极不平常的奋斗与创新历程,发展成绩斐然,成为我国教育事业发展中的一个亮点。但是由于社会对民办高校的显性或隐性歧视依然广泛存在,加上相关政策法规的缺失或难以落实,以及民办高校自身的特点等原因,民办高等教育的发展正面临一些新的困难和挑战。其中相当大的一个问题就是民办、公办高校之间的公平待遇问题难以解决。     

Measuring Production and Irrigation Efficiencies of Rice Farms: Evidence from the Punjab Province,Pakistan

We employ a non‐parametric approach, data envelopment analysis, to estimate the technical and irrigation efficiency of rice farms in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. We use a cross‐sectional dataset of 80 rice growers, including 45 tube‐well owners and 35 water buyers. Mean technical efficiency scores show that tube‐well owners and water buyers are operating at fairly high efficiency levels, indicating that access to technology is not a major constraint. However, irrigation inefficiency is pronounced, with water buyers being more inefficient than tube‐well owners. A bootstrap truncated regression is used to investigate the determinants of technical and irrigation efficiency. We suggest that groundwater management policies should be designed to address efficiency enhancing factors such as knowledge of crop water consumption requirement, better credit opportunities, outreach extension services and training programs.     

Water resources and land use planning systems in Portugal—Exploring better synergies through Ria de Aveiro

The paper discusses the relevance of a stronger articulation between land use and water resources systems to enhance the success of the Water Framework Directive. Using article 11 of the WFD, this paper assess (i) how the Spatial Planning and Urban Development Law as well as the Portuguese Water Law converge to promote better integration of water resources into spatial planning, (ii) how their prospects are developed at the regional basis, namely through the Regional Spatial Development Plan and River Basin Management Plan, and (iii) how these are prepared to inform other planning instruments at the local level. It shows through a spatial analysis of the regional land-use plan and the river basin plan as applied over the Ria de Aveiro estuary area, the conflicts and opportunities for stronger synergies. The paper concludes with a critical analysis of the integration of the spatial planning and water resources planning systems in Portugal, and reveals new insights and challenges for more productive synergies between these systems.     

我国城市居民最低生活保障制度发展与完善研究——以长沙市为例

我国城市居民最低生活保障制度是我国实施比较成功的一项社会救助制度。目前，长沙的低保制度在制度设计和运行方面仍存在消极的救助取向、平均式的救助标准、配套政策的负激励效应以及管理监督体系不健全等一些问题。为此，有必要对其进行探索改革，通过采取积极的福利政策、制定科学的保障标准，推行分类施助和差异救助、建立健全低保制度的管理监督体系等积极措施解决其存在的问题，更好地发挥最低生活保障制度的有效功能。