现代化进程中女性的职业角色与家庭角色的调适

在现代化进程中，职业妇女扮演着社会与家庭诸多方面多重的角色，在时间、精力、能力和资源分配上具有丰富多彩的特点，同时又容易发生冲突。究其原因，主要有社会生产力、职业女性双重角色评价标准、男女价值观以及传统文化的影响等。基于这样的原因，从职业与家庭之间寻求新的角色平衡、家务劳动社会化、实现夫妻角色互补、形成社会支持系统、塑造职业妇女的良好形象等方面入手来达到女性的职业角色与家庭角色的调适显得尤为重要。     

Marketing by CPAs

Abstract

Until the late 1970s, the AICPA discouraged commercial advertising and some other marketing tactics by practicing accountants. This study contacted 600 CPAs in the U.S. in an attempt to discover what kinds of marketing they employ, how useful they think it is, and how appropriate do they feel the AICPA's rules and regulations are in regard to marketing an individual CPA's services. Most thought the AICPA was fair. Accountants doing the most marketing tend to be younger males. “Conflict of Interest” was the area of most current concern in light of the ongoing problems of public accounting firms doing both auditing and consulting for the same client. “Newspaper” was the preferred advertising medium. Most of those surveyed were pleased the AICPA relaxed its restrictions on marketing and advertising, even though many CPAs still do not market their services to any great extent. This may change as younger accountants fill leadership positions in U.S. accounting firms.     

Development of the ‘Travelcard’ Concept in Urban Public Transport

Traditionally, urban bus operators have collected fares in cash for each trip. Some limited mechanisation has occurred in ticket issue at stations. Partly for reasons of operating convenience, there has recently been a shift to simpler fares and prepayment, notably through the introduction of ‘Travelcards', that is, tickets or passes permitting unlimited use of the network (or zones thereof) for a defined period. These cover both all-bus systems, and bus/rail networks (such as the West Midlands PTE system). They are now used in all main British conurbations, following introduction of the London Transport bus/rail Travelcard in May 1983. The Travelcard in effect redefines the ‘product’ being sold. Instead of the public transport service being perceived as a series of separate journeys, payment is made periodically for use of the network as a whole. Cost perception is thus put on a similar basis to that for the private car. The marginal money cost for each trip becomes zero. Interchange penalties associated with re-booking are eliminated. Payment may be made by cheque or credit card, rather than cash, further changing the perception of costs. Product quality is also enhanced through speeding up of services (one-person- operated buses), and enabling the user to select the quickest and/or most convenient route in a network by removing the interchange penalty.     

物权法与担保法的立法冲突及适用

我国在《物权法》中对担保物权列为单独一编并做出了许多新的规定,其中很多规定与《担保法》及其司法解释存在冲突,这些冲突优先适用于《物权法》。通过对两部法律进行的初步比较,并对这些不一致之处进行了相应归纳,确信对《物权法》的正确实施有所帮助。     

Neoliberal Wave Rocks Chilika Lake, India: Conflict over Intensive Aquaculture from a Class Perspective

Since the beginning of the 1990s, Chilika Lake, situated on the coast of the Indian state of Orissa, has been the scene of a conflict over intensive aquaculture practices, culminating in a process of de facto privatization of the lake. This conflict can be divided into two distinct phases that have seen the involvement from village to state level of different actors: in particular the traditional fishing people and the dominant classes in Orissa. This article analyzes the socio-economic dynamics governing the conflict. The specific aim is to investigate the dynamics of class reproduction, new forms of class oppression and the emergence of new forms of class consciousness related to the transformations caused by the new aquaculture practices. The role of class in India today is discussed and related to a fieldwork-based analysis of the two phases of this movement against intensive aquaculture.     

国际私法视域下的国籍冲突及其解决方法

国籍是指自然人属于某个国家公民或国民的法律资格。正常情况下,每个自然人都应该拥有一个国籍。然而,由于国籍法从属于国内法,各国出于各自国家利益的考虑,关于国籍的立法必然存在着差异,因此,国籍冲突现象在所难免,进而使当事人的某些法定权利无法得到保障。这些冲突问题直接涉及到主权国家与其公民之间的关系,同时也涉及各国公民之间的关系,因此解决国籍冲突就是一个非常重要的问题。     

The impact of family life on work efficiency: a study of employed women from different occupational statuses in a metropolitan area in Turkey

The objective of this research was to investigate the family life of employed women from different occupational statuses (white collar, blue collar and professionals) on their work efficiency. The data were obtained from a survey of 300 randomly selected women who work in various offices, universities and factories in Ankara. The findings suggest that women in better conditions (high education, profession, etc.) experienced less negative spillover.     

Work-Family Conflict: A Virtue Ethics Analysis

Work-family conflict has been examined quite often in human resources management and industrial/organizational psychology literature. Numerous statistics show that the magnitude of this employment issue will continue to grow. As employees attempt to balance work demands and family responsibilities, organizations will have to decide to what extent they will go to minimize this conflict. Research has identified numerous negative consequences of work-family stressors for organizations, for employees and for employees' families. There are however many options to reduce this strain, each with advantages and disadvantages. An ethical analysis, from a virtue ethics perspective, is applied to this timely issue to present an alternative view in addressing this critical business decision. In addition, a strong connection between the virtue ethics analysis and a well-known management theory is given to provide a foundation for managerial implications for resolving work-family conflict.     

我国社会管理体制改革的路径探析

当今我国处于经济转轨、社会转型的特殊时期,社会矛盾纷繁复杂,凸显我国现行的社会管理体制的不完善,建设社会主义和谐社会迫切要求进行社会管理体制的改革.而对我国目前现行的社会管理体制进行改革是一种全方位的改革,应进行包括社会管理的主体、社会管理方式、社会管理手段及社会矛盾化解机制等内容的全面变革.     

ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE AND INTERNATIONAL INTERACTIONS : THE IMPACT OF MARKET POWER ON DYADIC CONFLICT AND COOPERATION

This article presents a theoretical approach to analysing how a country with market power could affect international relations. The liberal view and trade‐conflict model claim that if countries seek to protect their trade gains, trade will reduce conflict between pairs of countries, designated “actors” and “targets”. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of market power on the gains from trade. Once the distribution of trade gains is changed between countries, the conflict and cooperation relationships between countries will also alter. We apply the trade‐conflict model to derive two propositions as follows: (1) the more monopoly power over exports a monopolistic target has, the greater the amount of actor‐to‐target conflict; (2) the more monopsony power over imports a monopolistic target has, the greater the amount of actor‐to‐target conflict. To summarise, these hypotheses will predict that a country with market power reaps the gains from trade and will exhibit less conflict and more cooperation, whilst the country that is exploited will exhibit more conflict and less cooperation.