Changing Behaviour: Successful Environmental Programmes in the Workplace

There is an increasing focus on improving the pro‐environmental attitudes, behaviour and habits of individuals, whether at home, in education, travelling, shopping or in the workplace. This article focuses on the workplace by conducting a multi‐disciplinary literature review of research that has examined the influence of organization‐based behaviour change initiatives. The review includes only research evidence that measured actual environmental performance (e.g. energy use) rather than solely using self‐reported methods (e.g. questionnaires). The authors develop an ‘employee pro‐environmental behaviour’ (e‐PEB) framework, which contains individual, group, organizational and contextual factors that have predictive relevance across different behaviours and organizations. The review shows that the strongest predictors are environmental awareness, performance feedback, financial incentives, environmental infrastructure, management support and training. A key finding from this review is that attitude change is not necessarily a pre‐requisite for behaviour change in the workplace. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Balancing Civil Rights With Safety at Work: Workplace Violence and the ADA

Workplace violence has become an increasingly common occurrence in recent years. During the years 1992–1996, there were over 5,000 job-related homicides in the United States, and in 1996 alone there were 1,364 nonfatal assaults committed by coworkers or former coworkers. Although it would be both inaccurate and inappropriate to suggest that these acts have generally been committed by persons suffering from severe emotional and mental disorders, this is clearly one of the possible explanations. In light of these facts and given the recent Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's Guidance on the Americans with Disabilities Act and Psychiatric Disabilities, the obligations and prerogatives of employers in terms of hiring and posthiring actions need to be discussed. This paper examines the legal issues, the EEOC's Guidance, and offers specific suggestions for developing an effective hiring process, as well as methods to use when dealing with current employees who pose a threat of violence because of mental and emotional disorders.     

企业员工工作场所欺负与职业倦怠关系的实证研究

近年来,工作场所中欺负问题逐渐成为工作和健康心理学研究的热点,受到西方很多研究者的关注,但我国对该问题的关注较晚。通过工作场所欺负对员工职业倦怠作用机制的实证分析,得出的主要研究结论有：工作场所欺负与职业倦怠、情感耗竭、人格解体以及个人成就感低显著正相关,工作场所欺负能够显著预测职业倦怠水平、情感耗竭水平、人格解体水平和个人成就感水平;工作满意度在工作场所欺负与职业倦怠之间存在着中介作用;人格主动性在工作场所欺负与职业倦怠之间并不存在调节作用。     

战略性招聘和甄选与机会平等、无歧视的兼容性分析

本文通过分析(SR&S),探讨SR&S是否与机会平等、无歧视等工作措施相兼容。首先从学术理论探讨SR&S的发展历程,以及与机会平等、无歧视工作措施的联系,其次探讨他们的一致性和矛盾性,最后根据Compton et al.(2009)的观点提出可行性建议。     

What is behind low wages in central and eastern Europe?

This paper compares wages across Europe in relation to the characteristics of workers and firms, with a particular focus on wage levels in central and eastern European countries. Worker and workplace endowments can be taken as a proxy for labour productivity. We estimate the extent to which wage differences observed at an aggregate level can be related to the different compositions of workforces and workplaces, as well as the types of jobs conducted in separate countries. We also decompose the observed differences in returns on endowments by identifying the sectors and occupational categories that contribute most to the wage gaps observed at the aggregate level. The wage gaps in low-wage countries actually appear larger once differences in worker, work and workplace characteristics are controlled for. In contrast, the differences in wages between high-wage countries diminish when we control for these endowments. The wage gap between East and West thus seems to be explained by a much lower return on skills and other characteristics rather than by differences in the composition of workforces and firms. Sectoral and occupational analysis suggests that central and eastern European countries have developed a generalised low-cost and low-wage model, with relative returns particularly low on higher skills. There is much less wage disparity across European countries in more labour intensive and lower-paid services sectors, such as accommodation and food service activities. The magnitude of the wage gap seems to be driven by the relative position of sectors and occupations in high-wage countries.     

Is there a relationship between workplace atmosphere and innovation activities? An empirical analysis among French firms

We examine empirically the relationship between workplace atmosphere and innovation activities. A generalized method of moments estimator of Poisson regression is applied to a set of 5574 observations in French firms. Our estimation results show that firms in which employees report good workplace atmosphere are more likely to engage in innovation activities. Nevertheless, while a positive relationship is found between workplace atmosphere and product/service innovation, other types of innovation activities, namely process, organizational and marketing, are not related to better workplace atmosphere.     

The relative importance of human resource management practices for innovation

Human resource management (HRM) practices are generally expected to stimulate a firm's innovation performance. However, which of these practices really pay off? Based on a unique dataset that includes detailed information for both a firm's innovation activities and a broad set of HRM practices, we find that primarily new workplace organization practices seem to enhance a firm's innovation activities. Flexible practices of working time management and incentive payment schemes show only small effects on both innovation propensity and innovation success. Further training does only affect innovation success, but not innovation propensity. Overall, we find a stronger linkage between HRM practices and innovation propensity than with innovation success. Further, we find that innovation propensity increases, first, with the number of combinations of HRM practices adopted by a firm but not with the number of combinations of HRM practices from different groups of HRM practices adopted by a firm.     

职场排斥与员工建言行为： 组织自尊的中介效应和主动性人格的调节效应

职场排斥对员工建言存在影响,其中组织自尊和主动性人格可能起到中介及调节作用。针对242份对上下级匹配问卷的研究表明：（1）职场排斥对员工建言行为具有显著的负向影响;（2）组织自尊在职场排斥与员工建言之间起完全中介作用;（3）主动性人格对职场排斥与员工建言之间的关系起调节作用。研究结果有利于拓展职场排斥与员工建言行为关系研究,为处理员工排斥问题提供实践指导。     

加班行为能提升员工工作幸福感吗?

从“主动/被动”和“愿意/不愿意”两个维度对加班行为进行分类,基于自我决定理论构建加班动机的自我决定模型,探索员工的加班行为通过感知任务完成度的中介效应和加班动机的调节作用影响工作幸福感的机制。结果表明：加班动机的自我决定水平越高,由加班造成的工作幸福感损失越少;当自我决定水平达到一定程度时,加班行为反而会增加工作幸福感。研究成果丰富了自我决定视角下的加班研究,为组织的管理实践提供了一定启示。     

“We do not hire smokers”: May employers discriminate against smokers?

Smoking employees are less healthy than nonsmokers, are absent more, make more and more expensive claims for health and disability benefits, and endanger co-workers who breathe smoky air. Employers may establish smoke-free workplaces, but—beyond that—employers may absolutely discriminate against smokers. Absent some common-law or statutory prohibition, employers are free to hire whomever they wish. The Americans with Disability Act prohibits discrimination against “disabled” applicants or employees, but smokers are not “disabled,” nor “regarded as” being disabled. Moreover, statutory construction does not lead to the conclusion that smokers are “disabled.” Since the policy of government is to discourage smoking, and discrimination against smokers promotes nonsmoking, such discrimination is not only not illegal, it is good social policy.