A MULTINOMIAL APPROXIMATION FOR AMERICAN OPTION PRICES IN LÉVY PROCESS MODELS

This paper gives a tree-based method for pricing American options in models where the stock price follows a general exponential Lévy process. A multinomial model for approximating the stock price process, which can be viewed as generalizing the binomial model of Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein (1979) for geometric Brownian motion, is developed. Under mild conditions, it is proved that the stock price process and the prices of American-type options on the stock, calculated from the multinomial model, converge to the corresponding prices under the continuous time Lévy process model. Explicit illustrations are given for the variance gamma model and the normal inverse Gaussian process when the option is an American put, but the procedure is applicable to a much wider class of derivatives including some path-dependent options. Our approach overcomes some practical difficulties that have previously been encountered when the Lévy process has infinite activity.     

国际产品内分工与进出口贸易——基于我国工业行业面板数据的经验研究

在经济全球化兴起和科技迅猛发展的大背景下,以国际产品内分工为基础的中间品贸易日益盛行,并成为当今国际贸易领域的重要特征之一。本文分年度、分行业地测算了连续14年我国工业行业参与国际产品内分工的程度,并实证研究了其对我国进出口贸易的影响。结论是:近十余年来,国际产品内分工有力地促进了我国工业各行业进出口贸易额的增长;同时,垂直专业化比重(VSS)的上升也在一定程度上推动了我国工业行业贸易顺差的增长。     

The impact of Air Service Agreement liberalisation: The case of Nigeria

The positive impact of air transport liberalisation as suggested by economic theories and empirical studies has inspired many developing countries like Nigeria to liberalise some of its Air Service Agreements (ASAs). This paper seeks to examine the extent to which international air service liberalisation has impacted upon Nigeria ten years after it was introduced. The research developed a cross-sectional model with passenger traffic as the dependent variable, while macroeconomic factors (trade and GDP), historical links, distance and ASAs (a proxy for liberalisation) served as independent or predictor variables. The analysis revealed a set of ASA stages in the country's policy-making process (restricted Bilateral Air Service Agreement, Open Skies Agreement and Yamoussoukro Declaration). Further analysis showed that the predictor variables were all significant in explaining passenger demand. The model demonstrated that the liberalisation of market access to the Open Skies Agreement level could stimulate traffic growth by at least 65 percent. The findings can assist in guiding policy and industry stakeholders in future decisions relating to liberalisation and ASAs.     

Religion, longevity, and cooperation: The case of the craft guild

When the mortality rate is high, repeated interaction alone may not sustain cooperation, and religion may play an important role in shaping economic institutions. This insight explains why during the fourteenth century, when plagues decimated populations and the church promoted the doctrine of purgatory, guilds that bundled together religious and occupational activities dominated manufacturing and commerce. During the sixteenth century, the disease environment eased, and the Reformation dispelled the doctrine of purgatory, necessitating the development of new methods of organizing industry. The logic underlying this conclusion has implications for the study of institutions, economics, and religion throughout history and in the developing world today.     

商业信用、产权性质与企业现金持有量

商业信用在企业的融资中占据着十分重要的地位,和银行融资存在替代性关系。以2005-2008年非金融类、正常交易上市公司为样本,考察企业商业信用融资和现金持有量的关系发现:企业商业信用融资比重的提高会引起现金持有水平的提高,商业信用和现金持有量的这一正相关关系受产权制度的影响,在国有企业表现更为明显,国有产权会强化这一正相关关系。     

Effects of time processing orientation, agreement preferences and attitude towards foreign businessmen on negotiation adaptation

An experiment was conducted among Singaporean executives to determine how they adapt to a foreign partner depending on the partner's time processing orientation and agreement preferences, and their attitude towards businessmen from the country the foreign partner was from. Results showed that Singaporean executives tended to have monochronic time processing and preferred written to oral agreements. Further, when a foreign partner exhibited a monochronic processing orientation, these executives had greater liking for and were more willing to accept this trait than when he had a polychronic processing orientation. Liking for the foreign partner was also enhanced. In terms of agreement preferences, the executives showed greater liking for and willingness to accept the trait when the foreign partner had a written than an oral preference. Finally, willingness to accept the foreign partner as a business partner was enhanced once they knew where the foreign partner came from, regardless of their attitude towards businessmen from that country. Implications are discussed and directions for future research furnished.     

Trade policy and specialization in developing countries

This paper examines the impact of trade policy on specialization patterns in ten Latin American countries over the period 1985–1998. These countries are natural case studies because in the last decades they implemented comprehensive trade liberalization programs, both generally and preferentially, starting from relatively high tariff protection levels. Our econometric results suggest that reducing own most favored nation tariffs is associated with increasing manufacturing production specialization. Furthermore, we find that preferential trade liberalization and differences in the degree of unilateral openness have resulted in increased dissimilarities in manufacturing production structures across countries. These results are robust across specialization measures and estimation methods.

美国201钢铁贸易保护争端对我国的影响与对策

美国在国内经济增长衰退，钢铁产业不断衰落的背景下，根据国内法律《l974年贸易法》第201条款出台了钢铁保障措施，实行以损害他国经济利益为条件而谋求本国利益最大化的保护主义，从而导致全球性的贸易争端。中国作为世界钢铁生产和消费大国，受到美国201钢铁保障措施及其引发的贸易保护主义的直接损害。中国在遵守WTO有关规则和不断调适外贸政策经济目标的同时，采取相应的对策措施，以维护正当贸易利益和保护本国钢铁产业的健康发展。     

我国自贸区金融产业效率的影响因素分析

本文首先运用SFA模型计算我国11个自贸区金融产业效率,然后运用面板数据模型 实证分析金融产业效率影响因素对效率的作用。结果表明：金融产业中就业人数比固定资产投 资占有更重要的位置;对外开放程度、金融集聚程度、地方政府支持和人力资本对金融产业效 率的增长均产生显著的正向影响。