冷清与坚持：改革开放30年来行政诉讼检察监督的研究回溯——以CNKI期刊数据库论文为分析素材

CNKI期刊数据库收录的相关文献表明,30多年（1979-2010）来,虽然只有少数理论界人士关注了行政诉讼检察监督的研究,但是已经涉及了行政诉讼检察监督的正当性、监督方式、监督范围、监督程序等多个方面。特别是在监督方式方面,涉及到了抗诉、参与诉讼、提起公诉、支持诉讼的探讨;在监督范围方面,有全面监督、有限监督、诉讼监督、审判监督的阐释。这些研究对于行政诉讼检察监督制度的完善具有重要启示。     

发包方视角下的财务外包问题探讨

财务外包(Finance Outsourcing)是西方国家发展较快的一种财务管理模式。近年来,联合利华、微软、宝洁、强生等国际知名跨国公司将其部分或全部财务与会计业务外包给会计公司。然而,财务外包在我国企业中的实践进程却相当缓慢,专业机构少,业务能力较低,服务对象较为狭窄,其发展处于"瓶颈"阶段,许多企业(即发包方)尤其是大中型企业对财务外包持怀疑、观望态度。基于此,本文拟从发包方的角度探讨财务外包问题及其应对措施,以促进我国财务外包快速健康发展。     

Examining the extent of and determinants for sustainability assurance quality: The role of audit committees

This study examines the extent of and determinants for sustainability assurance quality. Data comprise sustainability assurance statements published by the top 100 listed companies in Australia and New Zealand from 2017 to 2019. The findings indicate that Australian companies lead their New Zealand counterparts in sustainability assurance. Although sustainability reporting has risen, assurance rates remain significantly low. Accountants dominate the market, and companies prefer to use their own auditors for sustainability assurance work. Sustainability assurance quality is poor and does not vary significantly among Australian and New Zealand companies. Low-quality sustainability assurance plays a limited role in mitigating potential stakeholder–agency conflicts. The regression analysis indicates that audit committee characteristics such as members' independence, industry/market expertise, and attending meetings enhance sustainability assurance quality, whereas audit committee size has no affect. These findings suggest that audit committee characteristics such as independence, industry expertise, and regular meeting attendance have the potential to reduce stakeholder–agency conflicts by improving the quality of sustainability statement assurance. Our findings build on the sustainability assurance literature by exploring current trends in sustainability assurance practices in Australia and New Zealand where corporate governance codes have been recently revised. Further, these findings are timely given recent changes in standards (International Standard on Assurance Engagements [ISAE] 3000 and Global Reporting Initiative [GRI]). Our study contributes to the audit committee literature and sheds light on the role played by audit committee characteristics on sustainability assurance statement quality. The study findings potentially offer useful insights for practitioners, standard setters, and regulators.     

Maximin choice of voting rules for committees

In the context of a probabilistic voting model with dichotomous choice, we investigate the consequences of choosing among voting rules according to the maximin criterion. A voting rule is the minimum number of voters who vote favorably on a change from the status quo required for it to be adopted. We characterize the voting rules that satisfy the maximin criterion as a function of the distribution of voters’ probabilities to favor change from the status quo. We prove that there are at most two maximin voting rules, at least one is Pareto efficient and is often different to the simple majority rule. If a committee is formed only by “conservative voters” (i.e. voters who are more likely to prefer the status quo to change) then the maximin criterion recommends voting rules that require no more voters supporting change than the simple majority rule. If there are only “radical voters”, then this criterion recommends voting rules that require no less than half of the total number of votes.Received: June 2003, Accepted: September 2004, JEL Classification: D71Salvador Barberá, Carmen Beviá, Mirko Cardinale, Wioletta Dziuda, Joan Esteban, Mahmut Erdem, Bernard Grofman, Matthew Jackson, Kai Konrad, Raul Lopez, Jordi Massó, Hugh Mullan, Shmuel Nitzan, Ana Pires do Prado, Elisabeth Schulte, Arnold Urken and two anonymous referees provided helpful comments. Finally, I also acknowledge financial support from Capes, Brazilian Ministry of Education and Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (Project BEC2002-02130).     

风险管理程序运用研究——以检察机关执法办案风险评估机制的构建为视角

建立检察机关执法办案风险评估机制是党中央、高检院对检察工作的新要求,也是检察机关加强和创新社会管理、化解社会矛盾的有益尝试,具有现实必要性和重大意义。从风险管理学的发展历程来看,其正逐步运用至各领域。检察机关在构建执法办案风险评估机制中引入风险管理理论,正是对该理论的发展运用,同时更将为该机制的科学、合理构建提供坚实的理论基础和制度参照。     

国外董事报酬决定法律制度比较与借鉴

各国的董事报酬决定机关以及报酬委员会的组成和职权都有所不同;美国安然公司等事件的发生,促使大部分国家强化了报酬决策隔离机制,即增强了报酬委员会以及股东大会和机构投资者参与决定董事报酬的权力。我国有必要完善董事报酬决定法律制度,尤其是要建立健全相应的报酬决策隔离机制,增加股东批准和监管的权力。     

“法治湖南”建设中的检察职能思考

＂法治湖南＂建设已取得巨大成效,但仍存在民生工作基础薄弱、＂唯GDP论＂、社会管理工作机制建设滞后、司法队伍公正廉洁建设不足等诸多问题。检察工作在法治建设中具有化解矛盾、保障发展、监督权力等重要制度价值,＂法治湖南＂建设从强化自身监督、法律监督、社会矛盾化解与社会管理创新等重要领域对检察工作提出了新的需求。应围绕＂法治湖南＂对公平正义的需求强化法律监督职能,围绕＂法治湖南＂对和谐稳定的需求强化矛盾化解职能,围绕＂法治湖南＂对司法公信的需求强化执法规范职能,有效服务法治湖南建设大局发展。     

审计委员会特征对上市公司内部控制缺陷的影响

本文以2009年深市主板A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了审计委员会特征对内部控制缺陷的影响。研究发现,上市公司审计委员会设立时间越长、规模越大、独立性越强,公司内部控制存在缺陷的可能性越小。进一步将内部控制缺陷划分为整体缺陷、具体缺陷、设计缺陷和执行缺陷四种类型,研究发现,设立时间越长、规模越大的审计委员会对四种类型缺陷的抑制作用都越强,独立性越强的审计委员会对除整体缺陷之外的其他三类缺陷的抑制作用越强,审计委员会的专业性越强对设计缺陷的抑制作用越强。     

国外非营利组织监督机制研究综述

非营利组织蓬勃兴起,在社会、政治和经济中发挥着重要作用,但是一系列财务丑闻却严重损害了非营利组织的公信力,因此应着力探索和构建非营利组织监督机制,以引导其健康快速发展。我国非营利组织发展起步较晚,关于非营利组织监督机制的理论研究尚不健全,实证研究尤其匮乏。通过对非营利组织的内部监督、信息披露以及外部监督这三个方面的国外文献进行综述发现,监督机制对改善非营利组织治理结构、提高组织绩效、维护行业公信力具有一定效果,这对我国非营利组织监督机制的建构具有一定借鉴意义。     

股权激励下经理人机会主义行为的经济学分析

从理论上探讨股权激励下经理人机会主义的动机与实现途径。在薪酬委员会不独立时,具有信息优势地位的经理人可以通过在实施激励前尽可能地将股权激励授予时的获取成本压低以及实施激励后通过盈余管理的行为将公司的股价抬高等机会主义行为实现其股权基础薪酬最大化。为了保证股权激励的有效性,应从委员构成以及议事程序等方面进一步提高薪酬委员会的独立性。