The implementation and the future of development plans

Summary

Once again the planning system of England and Wales is being reviewed. This paper considers criticisms of development plans, and proposals for changes, including those of the Department of the Environment (DoE) and Welsh Office in the consultation paper, "The Future of Development Plans: a Consultation Paper”, September 1986, with some of the reactions to it, and also The Nuffield Foundation report, "Town and Country Planning”, 1986. A focus of this critique is the effectiveness of development plans, in particular regarding the questions of implementation and resources. It is concluded that it is the co‐ordination of the provision of public resources, which are needed to implement plans and policies, that requires the attention of the Government, with adequate national and regional planning guidelines, rather than the abolition of Structure Plans.     

建设社会主义核心价值体系的理论创新机制

当前,我们党正在带领全国各族人民进行改革开放和社会主义现代化建设。社会主义核心价值体系以马克思主义为指导,既继承中华民族悠久的文化传统,同时与时俱进,成为中华民族民族生命的基本构成部分,成为社会主义建设的核心精神。     

Fiscal Reconstruction and Local Interest Groups in Japan

This paper investigates the politicoeconomic properties of the fiscal reconstruction process in Japan by analyzing the dynamic game among local interest groups with concessions of region-specific privileges. Free-riding behavior of local interest groups brings numerous deficits. Our empirical evidence indicates that local privileges were powerful in the 1990s, which is the main reason fiscal reconstruction did not perform very well in the 1990s. J. Japan. Int. Econ., December 2002, 16(4), pp. 492–511. Faculty of Economics, Keio University, and Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego; and Department of Economics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office of Japan, 3-1-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8970, Japan. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: H41, F13, D62.     

The Fiscal Investment and Loan Program in Transition

This paper discusses the adequacy of the activities of the Fiscal Investment Loan Program (FILP) agencies after the fundamental reform in April 2001, which disconnected postal savings and public pension reserves from the FILP. It is found that many ideas of justifying the government interventions to the financial sector have now lost their relevancy. The activity of government financial intermediaries should be streamlined. Among infrastructure construction projects, the most serious part of welfare loss lies on national motorway construction, which is estimated to be about 14.5 trillion yen of welfare loss. J. Japan. Int. Econ., December 2002, 16(4), pp. 583–604. Department of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Kunitachi, 186-8601, Japan; and TCER. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: H81, H54, R42.     

初探三峡水库湿地面临的问题及其对策

三峡水库建成后,将成为我国最大的人工湿地,库长约650km,平均水面宽1 500m,具有脆弱性、不稳定性及其多功能性的特征;分析了三峡水库湿地面临的3个问题:水污染现状及新污染问题的预测、泥沙淤积及其发展态势、生物多样性危机及其增多的趋势;提出了保证三峡水库湿地可持续利用的措施:制定三峡湿地地方性保护法、建立国家级湿地自然保护区、加强三峡湿地重要性的宣传教育、提高公众保护意识及搞好长江上游生态恢复重建等。     

政府监管行为的制衡机制

政府监管行为是一种集准立法权、准司法权、执行权于一体的行政行为,因此监管机构享有广泛的权力。 如没有建立相应的制衡机制,就会导致政府监管权的滥用,如合谋、收买、寻租乃至监管权的争夺。管制分权可以作 为一种内部制衡;听证制度是一种过程制衡;司法审查则是一种外部制衡。     

基于粗糙集-未确知测度的矿井通风系统合理性评价

运用粗糙集对矿井通风系统合理性评价指标体系进行约简,去除冗余指标,并求出约简指标体系中各指标的重要性,进行归一化后,作为未确知测度评价模型的指标权重系数。不仅减少了未确知测度评价的计算量,也为其权重确定问题提供了一种新的客观解决办法。同时,结合邯郸市峰峰矿区15个矿井的实测数据验证了该模型的有效性。     

股改前后中国A股市场有效性广义谱方法检验

股改是我国资本市场发展过程中的一项重大制度变革,本文对股改前后A股市场的有效性分别进行了检验。我们采用的广义谱方法考虑了高频时间序列的特征事实,可以检测出序列存在的线性和非线性序列依赖,允许存在未知形式的条件异方差,并且可以检验所有的滞后阶数,具有较强的检验效力。检验结果表明,股改前市场是非有效的,股改之后市场达到了弱式有效。本文从股权的全流通效应、股市参与度的提升两个角度给出了实证结果的经济解释。     

上市公司独立董事制度设计的合理性分析——基于二元制公司治理模式

文章通过对监事会和独立董事职能冲突以及现有各国公司治理结构的分析,推导出在二元制公司治理模式下实行独立董事制度的环境要求和独立董事职能不能充分发挥的原因,从而得出我国目前并不适宜引入独立董事制度的结论。同时,在现有立法仍然保留有独立董事制度的前提下,又提出了对独立董事和监事会制度的改革策略,以期实现两者相对协调地发挥其监管职能。     

四川退耕农户自我发展模式及启示

四川退耕还林工程自1999年启动以来,取得了显著的生态效益和社会经济效益。文章通过对四川退耕还林典型地区的调查,总结出两类主要的退耕农户自我发展模式,并对其优点和存在的问题进行了分析,最后从寻找适合农户自我发展模式,保障农户长远发展和巩固退耕还林成果的角度,总结了许多有益的经验和启示。