略论行政奖励在环境管理领域的运用

行政奖励作为一种新型的环境管理手段,已经广泛地运用于环境管理领域,并在环境管理和环境保护方面取得良好的效果,但由于法律理论研究的滞后,法律规范的不健全,导致行政奖励实施处于一种无序状态,因此必须健全和完善行政奖励的有关制度,确保行政奖励在环境管理领域的正确实施。     

公共行政变迁背景下民法理念在行政法领域的渗透与融合

公共行政体制和过程的缺点在历史发展中逐步暴露出来,从而引发种种公共行政危机的讨论。如何保障行政机关对社会的有效管理,并有效控制行政权,防止其对公民权益造成损害成为一大研究课题。民法理念对行政法领域的渗透与融合,弥补了传统行政法的缺陷。     

行政成本控制的路径选择——基于系统理论的研究

行政成本高企问题一直是社会关注的焦点,也是每年全国两会代表和委员关注的热点之一。行政成本的控制是一个系统工程,必须把握住该系统的每一个因素及因素间的联系,才能实现系统整体化、动态化的管理,以期达到降低行政成本的目的。从行政成本产生的主体因素及行政运行因素入手,分析造成行政成本高企的原因,并基于系统理论,提出行政成本控制的路径。     

The Scope and Limits of a Public–Private Hybrid: Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 19

Globalisation is often depicted as having led to an increase in private authority at the expense of that of the state. It is important to correctly specify the scope that private authority has achieved and the capacity of states to push back and limit that authority. This article grounds these theoretical issues in a discussion of the hybrid, public–private dispute settlement mechanism set up in the original Canada–US Free Trade Agreement (CUSTFA), and later extended into Chapter 19 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It finds that privatising the enforcement process did make a difference. Trade experts on panels saw things differently to judges and in ways that were more sympathetic to exporters. This favoured Canadian and Mexican interests. However, the arrangement lacked deep roots. It was a late-stage compromise in trade negotiations. This rendered it vulnerable to a US counterattack once panels began to rule in favour of Canadian and Mexican challenges to US trade determinations. The transfer of quasi-judicial authority to a public–private hybrid proved contingent, partly on the hegemonic state's ongoing level of comfort with the arrangement, as well as on a lack of business consensus within the United States.     

行政事业单位内部控制评价探讨

内部控制评价是对内部控制质量的检验,是改进内部控制的依据.本文以《行政事业单位内部控制基本规范（试行）》为依据,构建了行政事业单位内部控制自我评价体系,提出了内部控制指数的定量评价算法,对发现单位内部控制缺陷进而完善单位内部控制制度具有一定的理论意义和实践意义.     

控制权扭曲的制度基础:不完全合同的视角

现有文献对控制权扭曲的分析较为分散,这是导致各种具体机制难以遏制低效率行为(如过度注资、掏空、短期行为等)的主要原因之一.在对各种形式的控制权扭曲进行系统归纳的基础上提出了一种新的权力观,这有利于为设计更好的治理机制提供思路.我们认为,根据权力来源的不同,可以将权力划分为直接控制权、衍生控制权和代理控制权,每一种控制权都有与其相对应特有的控制权扭曲形式.直接控制权可能会造成事前的专用性投资不足以及事后的互相侵害;衍生控制权可能会造成纵向转移和横向转移资产;而代理控制权所造成的配置扭曲形式包括:权力交叉问题,短期行为问题、赢家通吃问题和优者出局问题.     

区域市场的行政整合与经济增长

随着城市化进程的推进,行政区划调整逐渐成为区域经济整合的一种重要方式。现有文献多从财政分权和官员晋升竞争等角度解释我国区域发展,较少分析行政整合对地区发展的作用和影响。本文以2003年广东佛山"撤市建区"行政区划调整作为案例,采用合成控制法进行了实证分析,评估了行政整合对地区发展的重要影响。本文的发现表明地区内部行政区划调整能够实现市场整合,优化内部资源配置,加快地方经济增长。这为我国地级层面近年出现的"撤市建区"行政区划调整现象提供了一个经济学上的解释。     

刍议团队管理三要素

本文论述的“团队管理”,不是仅着眼于“团队管理”的某一方面,而是从整体上把握“团队管理”的内涵,把“团队管理”真正看成一个有机的系统。本文先论述团队组织产生的具体背景原因,并把“形成团队的三要素”归纳为：物质的激励机制、向心力、挑战性的目标,再以此分析为基础,对“团队精神”、“行政组织”、“国有企业改革”等理论问题进行初步的探讨、归纳,力求准确而全面地揭贡“团队管理”的本质,为解决实践中出现的问题提供了一个新思路。     

行政诉讼反诉制度的诉讼构造及创设路径

《最高人民法院关于审理行政协议案件若干问题的规定》第6条对反诉做出了排除性规定。该规定虽然避免了导入反诉制度所可能产生的新的程序风险,但同时也保留了在行政主体诉权领域存在的规范漏洞。行政诉讼反诉主要是实体上具有平等法律地位主体之间的当事人诉讼,其实体法基础源于行政主体与公民之间的权利义务结构。行政诉讼反诉以存在独立的诉讼标的为前提,在一般给付诉讼和确认诉讼中存在适用空间。建议将来修改《行政诉讼法》时对行政主体的起诉权与反诉权进行并置规定,在立法技术上通过诉讼类型或者案件类型对反诉的适用范围进行限制,并对反诉的特殊程序规则进行明确规定。     

Developments in Survey Research over the Past 60 Years: A Personal Perspective

Many developments have occurred in the practice of survey sampling and survey methodology in the past 60 years or so. These developments have been partly driven by the emergence of computers and the continuous growth in computer power over the years and partly by the increasingly sophisticated demands from the users of survey data. The paper reviews these developments with a main emphasis on survey sampling issues for the design and analysis of social surveys. Design‐based inference based on probability samples was the predominant approach in the early years, but over time, that predominance has been eroded by the need to employ model‐dependent methods to deal with missing data and to satisfy analysts' demands for survey estimates that cannot be met with design‐based methods. With the continuous decline in response rates that has occurred in recent years, much current research has focused on the use of non‐probability samples and data collected from administrative records and web surveys.