Public Management In North America

Although recent public management reforms in Canada. Mexico and the USA are characterized by similar themes and vocabularies - privatization, customer service, devolution - the nature and extent of actual change reflects the national politics and administrative histories of the three countries. In brief, Canadian public management has been heavily influenced by the need for fiscal retrenchment at both, national and provincial levels, Mexican public management has been influenced by the transition from oligarchic to democratic governance at federal, state and local levels, and USA public management has been preocuppied at the federal level with implementation of the Government Performance and Results Act and with the miscellaneous initiatives organized under the ‘Reinventing Government’ theme as it has been popularized by the Clinton administration.     

Developments in Survey Research over the Past 60 Years: A Personal Perspective

Many developments have occurred in the practice of survey sampling and survey methodology in the past 60 years or so. These developments have been partly driven by the emergence of computers and the continuous growth in computer power over the years and partly by the increasingly sophisticated demands from the users of survey data. The paper reviews these developments with a main emphasis on survey sampling issues for the design and analysis of social surveys. Design‐based inference based on probability samples was the predominant approach in the early years, but over time, that predominance has been eroded by the need to employ model‐dependent methods to deal with missing data and to satisfy analysts' demands for survey estimates that cannot be met with design‐based methods. With the continuous decline in response rates that has occurred in recent years, much current research has focused on the use of non‐probability samples and data collected from administrative records and web surveys.     

THE ESTIMATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL BY ADMINISTRATIVE ARCHIVES IN A STATIC AND LONGITUDINAL PERSPECTIVE: THE CASE OF MILAN

Abstract This paper focuses on the estimation of the latent variable human capital (HC) at disaggregated level (worker) by available routinely institutional data flows. In particular we utilize the Lombardy region administrative archive ‘Employment Centers of the Province of Milan’, collecting information about careers of workers in the private sector of the Milan area, and administrative flows collecting mandatory workers' individual income tax returns, filed with the National Internal Revenue Service. First, we propose and empirically estimate HC scores in a static (referred to 2004) framework, by means of a realistic measurement model within causal relationships among endogenous and exogenous (investment) HC indicators. Furthermore, the model also specifies a set of (concomitant) indicators that, not belonging to HC investment indicators, have causal impact on endogenous variables and on HC scores, too. Second, we propose a longitudinal analysis (period 2000–2004) aimed to investigate how workers' earned income growth rates vary over workers' educational levels and other personal characteristics. The empirical results of both analyses confirm the characteristics of the Italian job market, denoted by marked inequalities, and knowledge regarding the process of school to work transition, characterized by a weak incidence of education on longitudinal trajectories of earned income.     

城乡统筹背景下的市域总体规划编制探讨——以嘉兴市为例

嘉兴市通过以城乡统筹为目标展开市域总体规划编制及研究,提出了“构建完善网络型田园城市”的核心理念和目标,并以“一个城市”的规划手法统筹市域各项发展要素,避免了各县(市、区)重复建设、低水平竞争、过度竞争的局面.同时,还着重对统筹中面临的重点和难点问题提出了应对措施,完善了市域总体规划的主要内容,并提出了不断完善城乡规划体系以及城乡规划管理制度的相应建议.     

Does legal protection affect firm value? Evidence from China’s stock market

We examine the question of whether firms derive value in areas with higher legal protection by studying how the difference among regional legal protection levels affects capital market reactions to firms receiving administrative penalty in China. The results show that the level of legal protection has a positive effect on the market reaction to administrative penalty announcements, and the effect is attenuated by non‐state ownership. Furthermore, we find evidence of higher efficiency of law enforcement in regions with higher level of legal protection.     

基于演化博弈模型的电子政务业务协同标准扩散研究

电子政务标准化是部门间业务协同的基本条件,反映了国家电子政务发展的成熟度.本文采用演化博弈的方法,研究政府部门间业务协同标准扩散中相互联系、相互作用,从而达到均衡的动态过程.结果表明,电子政务业务协同标准化扩散过程及其均衡点的主要影响因素有采纳业务协同标准采纳之前部门原有的业务基本收益、标准采纳之后所获得的部门内部价值收益、标准采纳有形成本、标准采纳无形风险等.因此,明确电子政务业务协同标准制定与推广部门的主导地位、加强电子政务与政府管理创新意识的结合以及实现电子政务业务协同与大部门体制改革的有效融合是推进电子政务业务协同标准扩散的有效方式.     

Can the “Single Point of Entry” strategy be used to recapitalize a systemically important failing bank?

The Single Point of Entry (SPOE)—the FDIC strategy to implement its new Dodd–Frank Orderly Liquidation Authority (OLA)—promises to reduce the financial market turmoil caused by the failure of a large complex financial institution by using parent holding company resources to recapitalize its large failing subsidiary banks. We identify legal and financial impediments that may prevent the use of a SPOE strategy for this purpose. Dodd–Frank does not authorize bank recapitalizations through SPOE or otherwise, and the OLA cannot be invoked unless the failure of a subsidiary puts the parent in danger of default. The imprecise legislative language that authorizes OLA creates a new source of systemic risk. Regulations required to operationalize SPOE will require bank holding companies to issue a substantial volume of new subordinated debt, increasing these institutions’ leverage and financial fragility. Unless the Dodd–Frank Act is amended, OLA could well magnify and not reduce market instability in the next financial crisis.     

对出租车行业特许模式的经济学和行政法学分析

我国出租车行业诸多问题年年不绝,深层原因都和作为该行业制度核心的特许经营权制度密不可分。本文从行政法学和经济学视角,对出租车行业实行数量管制的合法性和合理性进行探讨。从行政法学视角看,出租车行业不属于《行政许可法》规定的行政特许范围,实施数量管制也违反了行政法学上的依法行政原则和比例原则;从经济学视角看,数量管制无法消除出租车行业的负外部性,反而导致权力寻租和社会福利损失,政府为了维持管制效果会耗费更多人力物力,直接导致社会成本增加。世界各国放松数量管制的实践证明,只要实施严格的服务和安全标准管制,取消数量管制并不会危害出租车的安全和服务水平,也不会造成经济秩序的混乱。只有让出租车服务业回归到一个正常的竞争性行业,才能真正破解不断凸显的出租车行业管理难题。     

Reducing Costs of Censuses in Norway Through Use of Administrative Registers

The purpose and methodology of the Norwegian census has changed considerably during the last 35 years. While the census was previously the main source of socio-demographic information, it is to day just one of several sources. After an identification number for each individual was introduced and used in various administrative registers, the dominating role of the census has changed dramatically. For some years it has been the policy of Statistics Norway to collaborate with various governmental agencies in order to use administrative registers in statistics production. This policy has been supported politically, and a new Statistics Act has been useful in these efforts. The purpose of this paper is to present the strategy and methodology used to produce statistics in general, census statistics in particular, when based on a combined use of administrative registers and directly collected data. Experiences from Norwegian censuses since 1960 will be presented.