缩小我国城乡差距的根本途径

城乡经济运行理论认为：居民不论是居于城市还是农村,其经济收益应该是相等的。但实际上我国城乡差距悬殊,缩小城乡差距的现有措施成效不佳,且城乡差距仍在扩大。通过对现有的缩小城乡差距的理论进行反思,发现导致城乡差距的主要原因是城乡政策不同,城乡劳动力不能自由流动,解决城乡差距的根本途径是统筹城乡政策和保障生产要素自由流动。     

中国货币政策传导机制分析——利率渠道的实证分析

市场经济条件下，在发达的货币市场和有效的金融机制基础上，货币政策主要通过利率、汇率、非货币资产和信贷传播四条途径影响宏观经济总量。本文重点通过对利率传导渠道的实证分析，说明中国由于利率管制等方面对货币政策传导的阻滞作用，中央银行的货币政策意图不能有效地指导实体经济，进而对疏导货币政策的传导机制提出对策建议。     

Status and financial performance of organic vegetable farming in northeast Thailand

In line with the national sustainable agriculture development policy of the Government of Thailand, organic vegetable farming (OVF) promotion projects have been implemented in several provinces of the country. Based on data collected through a questionnaire survey of 172 sample vegetable farmers in Mahasarakham Province of northeast Thailand, this study firstly assessed the status of OVF and then, analyzed the financial performance of three main vegetables cultivated, namely: morning glory, green onion and Chinese kale. Finally, sensitivity analyses of the financial performances for all three vegetables were conducted under four assumed scenarios with respect to price of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and yield and price of organic vegetables. The findings of the analysis on the status of OVF revealed that organic vegetable farms accounted for very small percentage of the total area used for all vegetables in the study area. Results of the financial analysis also showed that OVF was much less financially attractive than conventional vegetable farming due to low yield which usually does not come with premium price of the vegetables. Still farmers are growing organic vegetables on small scale primarily for household consumption. The findings of the sensitivity analyses indicated that the removal of direct or indirect subsidies for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and appreciation in the yield and price of organic vegetables can enhance the financial performance of OVF. In view of the possible rejection of radical policies that encourage OVF by discouraging conventional vegetable farming, this study suggests appropriate policy measures that could directly provide incentives for organic vegetable production and consumption.     

网络安全事故初探

传统的网络安全方案主要采用的是防御为主的安全策略,通过防火墙、杀毒软件、安装系统补丁等手段加强网络的防护能力,从而达到抵御网络攻击者入侵的目的。随着对网络安全性要求的不断提高,逐步出现了网络入侵检测系统、蜜罐技术等基于主动防御的网络安全手段,但在实际的使用过程中,并没有形成一个完整的体系,对网络入侵的防范以及网络事故发生以后的处理作用有限。     

Dancing to the Donors' Tune? Policy Choice in Aid‐Dependent Countries

Current aid rhetoric emphasizes the selective allocation of otherwise unconditional funds in support of the recipients' own plans, in contrast to the old donor practice of bundling money and policies. I show that when recipients have private information, policies reflecting their preferences and knowledge might result in such a regime. However, generous transfers can also induce them to conform to the outcome‐oriented expectations of donors at the expense of lower aid impact. Such behaviour is consistent with an abundance of case‐study evidence. Moderate disagreements over what the optimal policy is could actually produce better results. Certain forms of both donor competition and coordination might also eliminate this distortion, while a donor concern for need only removes incentives for aid‐seeking in the least needy countries. In summary, optimal aid policies are highly context‐specific, and donors should thus concentrate their efforts to practise more informed selectivity.     

Why do developing countries resist global trade agreements?

Abstract

Although the Doha Development Round was launched with much promise for developing countries in 2001, the global trade negotiations have collapsed. One of the reasons for the lack of progress in the negotiation is the developed countries' unwillingness to reduce their enormous farm domestic subsidies and massive agricultural trade distortions. The developing countries' economies are characterized by heavy dependence on farm sector, labor-intensive agriculture, and persistent unemployment. Consequently, rich nations' unfair agricultural policies are detrimental to the well-being of poor exporting countries. This study develops a model incorporating developed countries' domestic and trade policies and developing countries' economic characteristics to illustrate the adverse effects of rich countries' policies on poor countries. We show that elimination of developed countries' policies will increase the world prices of agricultural commodities, which will benefit the farm-dependent developing countries.