International Trade and Accounting Policy Choice: Theory and Canadian Evidence

The accounting policy choice literature has identified many factors which have been shown to be useful in explaining cross-sectional variation in the accounting methods used by public companies. One relationship which has been relatively unexplored in this literature is the potential effect of international trade on accounting choice. This study proposes that international trading activities may create incentives for firms to choose income increasing accounting policies. This proposition was tested by examining the depreciation choices of a sample of Canadian firms. Results suggest that importers were more likely to choose income increasing accounting methods than non-importers, while exporting was not found to be related to this accounting choice. These diverging results may be caused by the declining value of the Canadian dollar (relative to the US dollar), which tends to benefit exporters, but is of detriment to importers.     

政府行为在国外农民合作经济组织发展中的促进作用及其对中国的借鉴

尽管国外农民合作经济组织发展模式不同,但政府在农民合作经济组织中的影响和作用都是客观存在且至关重要的。现阶段中国农民合作经济组织的发展仍然应该以政府推动为主体。政府行为在促进我国发展农民合作经济组织作用中存在着缺陷和不足,要结合中国农民合作经济组织发展的实践,立足于农业和农村经济发展现实,从政府实施农业政策角度入手,以法律保障为基础,从财政、税收、信贷等方面给予扶持,恰当规定政府和农民专业合作经济组织的关系,推进民主管理,构建良好的服务平台,着力培育新型农民,通过实施农业项目促进农民专业合作组织发展健康发展。     

The evolving concepts of land administration in China: Cultivated land protection perspective

This paper presents a holistic method by integrating three concepts (land resources management, assets supervision and political governance for sustainability) for investigation of land administration in China, taking into consideration of cultivated land protection for a testimony with econometric method. Theoretically, in this self-organizing integrated method, land resources management focuses on the productivity of land; land assets supervision centralizes on the realization of land usufruct rights in land transference; land political governance for sustainability concentrates on harmonious linkage of economic efficiency, social stability and environmental safety of land use. Their interrelations are complex. Methodologically, the results indicate that the theoretical model is feasible to explain variations of cultivated land protection with these three concepts. Cultivated land decreases with increasing land value increment multiples, and is positive with political governance concept, but not in a linear fashion. Finally the results suggest that roles of government in land administration need to be changed and strengthened, supporting complete compensation for land expropriation and modification to policies of cultivated land.     

The effects of air quality regulations on the location decisions of pollution-intensive manufacturing plants

This research examines the effects of the 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) on the location decisions of pollution-intensive manufacturing plants. We develop a panel data set to analyze plant births of polluting manufacturers over time as a function county-level attainment status of the federal standard for ozone pollution. We find that more stringent county-level environmental regulations impact pollution-intensive capital flows through deterring new plant births. We also find that the impact of stricter regulations varies by pollution-intensity of manufacturers, with results suggesting that federal guidelines have a greater impact on high pollution intensive manufacturers than more moderate polluters.      

The influence of retailing-mix levers on private label market share: The case of the Italian FMCG market

An in-depth analysis of the impact of retailing-mix levers on private label market share in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods sector in Italy is made. The direction and intensity of the impact of assortment, price and sales promotion is measured for different product categories. OLS and GMM regressions run on an IRI Group dataset indicate a strong positive effect of product range, which can be considered as a proxy of on-shelf brand visibility. Increasing private label assortment share thus appears to constitute the key supply-side factor in augmenting sales share on the Italian grocery retailing market.     

制造业企业会计政策选择之纳税筹划研究

纳税人在进行纳税筹划过程中都普遍认为,只要进行纳税筹划就可以减轻税收负担,增加自身收益,而很少甚至根本不考虑纳税筹划的风险。其实,纳税筹划作为一种计划决策方法,本身也是有风险的。当然,制造业企业生产经营中的具体纳税筹划应在企管中统筹安排。     

制度、公共政策与有利于穷人的经济增长—基于二元结构下的公共支出模型分析

尽管在过去的30年里中国在经济增长方面取得了巨大的成就，但近十几年来穷人的处境却开始恶化。如果没有公平的宪政秩序，就不可能创建符合穷人利益的制度与公共政策，进而就不可能使穷人从经济增长中获益。作为制度与公共政策重要组成部分的公共支出对有利于穷人的经济增长的形成有重要作用。本文的分析表明，二元结构下政府对农村的公共支出比例与穷人向现代部门的迁移能力与密切相关。当穷人向现代部门的迁移能力较强时，可以通过不断减少对农村的支出比例，增加对城市的支出比例来促进穷人的收入增长：当穷人向现代部门的迁移能力不足时，要使经济增长有利于穷人，必须增加政府对农村的公共支出比例来。     

福建省财政支农政策的现实思考与建议

近年来，福建省为发展农业做出了许多努力，但仍然存在“三农”问题。就财政支农政策而言，存在着支农资金有限、效益不高，以及重投入、轻管理等问题。针对目前福建省“三农”问题及财政支农政策的现状，需要通过增加财政支农资金规模、完善农村社会保障、改善农村教育条件以及加强支农资金管理等途径进行解决。     

Project Evaluation and Accounting Income Forecasts

It is shown that the economically justifiable criterion for project evaluation of maximizing current net market value is equivalent to maximizing the discounted net cash equivalent flow. It is argued that the appropriate income concept for project evaluation is therefore the one used in the system devised by Chambers, 'Continuously Contemporary Accounting'.