金融风险社会化的最后防线及我国的现实选择

金融风险社会化是金融风险从金融系统溢出,蔓延至实体经济、国家财政甚至社会公众的过程,这种风险扩散后患无穷。通过对历次金融危机的梳理,总结金融风险社会化的一般路径,厘清国家财政必须承担起金融风险社会化最后防线的责任,并参考国际经验和我国国情,提出防范金融风险社会化的政策建议。     

Boosting the spread of new technologies: an integrative propositional analysis of diffusion policies

ABSTRACT

Although many studies have recognised the importance of defining specific public policies to encourage technology diffusion, many authors fail to provide a clear view about either the policies that affect the diffusion of technologies or the effect of the different political instruments. Adopting a content analysis of papers that directly or indirectly refer to the diffusion of a new technology, this study applies the integrative propositional analysis (IPA) methodology to: (a) identify the repertoire of the different diffusion policies identified by previous studies; (b) classify these policies according to the type of instruments that they use; (c) analyse the impact of each policy on the different adoption factors that may inhibit or foster the diffusion of a new technology; and (d) evaluate the scope of each type of policy in terms of the number of affected adoption factors.     

The joint impact of labour policies and the “Great Recession” on unemployment in Europe

The paper consists of an empirical analysis of the separate as well as joint impacts on total and youth unemployment of indicators of labour market policies on the one hand, and the financial crisis associated with the “Great Recession” on the other. In particular, we investigate labour market data in the past two decades for the Enlarged Europe and adopt a variable accounting for the idiosyncratic severity shock of the crisis. This time-varying and country-specific crisis variable enables us to test empirically and in a novel way the joint impact of labour market policies and the economic crisis on labour market dynamics even when accounting for common macro shocks.     

Compensation payments for habitat heterogeneity: Existence, efficiency, and fairness considerations

Compensation payments for voluntary conservation measures have become an important tool for biodiversity conservation worldwide. Each year substantial financial resources are spent on such measures, particularly in the context of agri-environmental schemes. In Europe, a debate has started on whether this money is spent effectively. In response to this debate it has been suggested that a portfolio of measures leading to habitat heterogeneity be implemented. Although payments for heterogeneous conservation measures have been analysed in the literature, it has never been questioned that payments can be designed in a way that encourages enough land users to carry out each conservation measure within a portfolio of measures. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that such payments do not always exist. Moreover, in cases where payments for habitat heterogeneity exist the payment scheme may require overcompensation of the land users, posing a limit to both efficiency and fairness considerations.     

The Route Matters: Poverty and Inequality among Lone-Mother Households in Russia

Using the case of Russia, this paper takes issue with the stereotype of lone mothers as the poorest women in society, with the most disadvantaged children. Analysis of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey suggests there is enormous diversity in the material circumstances and livelihoods of lone mothers. Complementing the diversity of lone mothers' experiences is the finding that women who live with male partners, but who are responsible economically for their households, face problems much like those of lone mothers. The structural inequities that result from combining paid labor with unpaid care and childrearing have particularly adverse consequences for lone mothers and for women who bear the brunt of maintaining their households. While this analysis emphasizes the different aspects of the falsely homogenizing category “lone mother,” it also recognizes the structural disadvantages shared by lone mothers and other women in Russia today.     

基于三重螺旋的校企合作策略

在我国市场经济尚未成熟的条件下,政府对校、企双方的影响力都还很大,校企之间要做到深层次的有效合作和无缝对接,必需通过政府、高校及企业间的伙伴关系来实现,合作的目的也不仅是校企受益,更重要的是实现政府、高校、企业的共赢与发展。三重螺旋理论为建立校、企之间的长效合作机制提供了较好的理论基础。     

论精益运营模式下成本管理框架的构建

21世纪以来，企业经营环境急剧变化，基于“快、准、好、省”的精益运营成为了世界上众多企业追逐的经营管理目标。但企业传统的成本管理系统与精益运营模式不匹配。本文基于精益管理、集成管理理论和网络价值流等基础理论，对传统成本管理进行了再造，并构建了精益运营模式下以企业政策安排和集成成本管理系统为基础、以客户价值为导向、沿企业整个供应链对企业整个价值流成本进行全面核算、分析和实时控制成本管理框架。     

援助西部落后地区的财政策略

西部落后地区的发展需要国家的援助，在这一点上已经得到社会各界的广泛认同。但是，在怎样援助的问题上观点却并不一致。鉴于政府掌握的资源尤其是财政资源的有限性，以及援助方式使用不适当可能产生的负面后果，因此，有必要从援助对象、方式以及制度创新等方面着手，以提高有限的援助资金的使用效率。     

Enticing the Stork: Can we Evaluate Pro‐Natal Policies Before Having Children?

Aside from immigration, the only meaningful demographic lever available to policymakers attempting to moderate the rate of ageing is the birth rate. This article departs from previous analyses of pro‐natal policies by studying determinants of pro‐natal options ex ante, which represents an advantage for policymakers looking to craft policies with prior knowledge of whether or not a demographic policy will have a significant effect. Our multinomial regression model for a US sample involving college students shows that the preferred choice of pro‐natal incentive is dependent on gender, economic class, number of planned children and migrant status. We find that females are more likely than males to choose any pro‐natal incentive over no incentive. The highest odds for increasing planned number of children are for maternity leave and parental leave options. Respondents associating themselves with the poorest economic class are more likely to choose daycare or government grant as pro‐natal options.     

日本金融业不良债权产生的根源及政策措施

20世纪90年代初泡沫经济崩溃以来,日本银行业的不良债权一直大量存在,阻碍了日本经济的自律恢复。本文对日本银行业不良债权产生的经济背景、金融体制和经济结构原因以及市场经济条件下不良债权产生的一般原因进行了剖析,并对日本政府采取的政策措施及新进展进行了分析,在此基础上探讨了防范和化解不良债权的有效途径。