财税补贴政策对农业公司经营绩效影响的实证分析——以西部农业上市公司为例

运用2001—2009年的西部12个省(市、区)的22家农业上市公司的非平衡面板数据,本文对财税补贴政策对西部农业上市公司的经营绩效进行了实证分析。结果表明,财税补贴政策对西部农业上市公司的盈利能力影响较深,且覆盖面较广。但所得税优惠政策并未有效提升企业的经营绩效,从而导致该项政策缺乏效率;财政补贴收入政策对企业成长能力有一定促进作用,但不具有持续性,同时该项政策造成政府的隐性担保的存在,提高了企业的举债能力。     

Can good events lead to bad outcomes? Endogenous banking crises and fiscal policy responses

In this paper, we study the impact of changes in the urban labor force and foreign direct investment on the banking sector, using a dynamic general equilibrium model with a financial sector. Numerical simulations are performed using stylized Chinese data, and bank failures are generated through increases in the growth rate of the labor force, a revaluation of the exchange rate, or an increase in debt issue to finance the government deficit, as compared to a benchmark scenario in which banks remain solvent. Thus bank failures can result from what might seem to be either beneficial economic trends or correct monetary and fiscal policies. We introduce fiscal policies that modify relative factor prices by lowering the capital tax rate and increasing the tax rate on labor. Such policies can prevent banking failures by raising the return to capital. It is shown that such fiscal policies are, in the short run, welfare reducing.     

Status and financial performance of organic vegetable farming in northeast Thailand

In line with the national sustainable agriculture development policy of the Government of Thailand, organic vegetable farming (OVF) promotion projects have been implemented in several provinces of the country. Based on data collected through a questionnaire survey of 172 sample vegetable farmers in Mahasarakham Province of northeast Thailand, this study firstly assessed the status of OVF and then, analyzed the financial performance of three main vegetables cultivated, namely: morning glory, green onion and Chinese kale. Finally, sensitivity analyses of the financial performances for all three vegetables were conducted under four assumed scenarios with respect to price of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and yield and price of organic vegetables. The findings of the analysis on the status of OVF revealed that organic vegetable farms accounted for very small percentage of the total area used for all vegetables in the study area. Results of the financial analysis also showed that OVF was much less financially attractive than conventional vegetable farming due to low yield which usually does not come with premium price of the vegetables. Still farmers are growing organic vegetables on small scale primarily for household consumption. The findings of the sensitivity analyses indicated that the removal of direct or indirect subsidies for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and appreciation in the yield and price of organic vegetables can enhance the financial performance of OVF. In view of the possible rejection of radical policies that encourage OVF by discouraging conventional vegetable farming, this study suggests appropriate policy measures that could directly provide incentives for organic vegetable production and consumption.     

Farmland prices and land-use changes in periurban protected natural areas

This paper provides empirical and conceptual insights in analysing the factors that determine the prices of farmland within Protected Natural Areas that are close to densely populated urban areas, the changes in land use experiences as well as the additional control policies needed to curb this unsustainable trend.The Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve nearby the metropolitan area of Bilbao (Basque Country, Spain) is the case study considered and its bordering non-protected rural area is used as a reference for comparison. A spatial hedonic farmland price model is estimated and the willingness of land purchasers to pay for different farmland characteristics quantified both inside and outside the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve. The main results are that: (1) residential development is taking place in all categories of farmland, (2) aside from neighbouring prices, farmland prices depend on different factors depending on whether the marketed plots stand inside or outside the Protected Natural Area, (3) the “reserve effect” on land prices is less powerful than the “proximity to the metropolitan area (and motorway) effect” observed from villages of the non-protected area located in the 3rd crown of Bilbao, (4) the reasons for farmers non-compliance with policy regulations is the necessary knowledge base for the farmland conservation policy design and (5) in the light of the results, three development-control policy instruments such as Payments for Ecosystem Services, Tradable Planning Permits and development-taxes are discussed considering the factors that could improve compliance.     

Economic Perspectives on Nutrition Policy Evaluation

Too much food energy intake (relative to expenditure) and unbalanced diets are implicated in a range of diseases that impose major burdens on healthcare systems and cause pain and suffering. Governments have responded by introducing a range of measures, mainly targeting information and education, largely to children. However, more interventionist measures have been advocated and, in the past year, various food taxes have been introduced in Denmark, Hungary and France. The Address discusses evaluation of policies, particularly in the light of alternative theories of diet choice (rational choice, systematically irrational, automatic). The public health approach uses quality adjusted life years but fails to distinguish between private and social benefits and takes no account of the drivers of food choice behaviour. The economic approach, based on informed choice, makes the distinction between private and social benefits (if not always explicitly) but struggles to evaluate policies that change utility functions and with behavioural assumptions other than traditional rationality. Alternative assumptions and approaches could put the cost of unhealthy eating anywhere between £10 billion and £100 billion per annum in the UK. Evidence suggests that information measures (to perform or persuade) do not much change diets, nor do they tackle the externality element of unhealthy eating. They may, however, help change long‐term social norms. More interventionist measures like taxes improve social welfare (according to the compensation principle) and reduce health inequalities but are regressive, like all sin taxes. Almost all interventions pass cost‐effectiveness tests.     

我国天然气供求分析和未来消费政策选择

天然气是世界第二大能源,近年来在我国保持了快速增长的态势,未来随着我国天然气消费量和进口量的增加,我国天然气安全问题日益凸现。因此,我国必须高度重视天然气消费政策。文章剖析了我国天然气供给和消费现状,预测了未来我国天然气供给和消费的需求量以及供给缺口,分析了未来我国天然气的安全形势,提出了对天然气的消费应该有所鼓励、有所限制的消费政策。     

提升纺织企业节能减排水平的财税政策研究——以浙江省为例

在实地调研基础上总结了影响浙江纺织企业节能减排的资源、环境、经济与社会因素,分析了浙江纺织企业节能减排的困境及其财税政策的不足,提出了促进浙江纺织企业节能减排的财政支出政策与税收政策的建议:在财政支出政策的选择上应注重综合运用政府直接投资、政府采购、财政补贴和转移支付等手段;在税收政策的选择上应综合运用税收优惠政策、差别性的环保税、产品税和消费税政策等。     

我国现行外资政策法规的"适世"思考

入世后，我国现行外资政策法规与WTO规则仍存在一些不相容的地方。为了适应入世需要，必须根除错误观念，优化投资环境，转变政府职能，认真研究WTO规则及其例外，为内外资企业竞争构造统一平台。     

促进珠三角地区产业省内转移的政策建议

珠三角地区的产业转移势在必行,财政作为宏观调控的重要手段,在珠三角的产业转移中发挥着重要的作用。因此,应该结合当地的实际,制定合理的财政政策、产业政策,以促进珠三角地区的产业转移顺利进行。     

创新政策与企业能力驱动稀土产业链延伸的组态路径研究

驱动稀土产业链延伸不仅关系中国战略性新兴产业以及国防科技工业的健康发展,而且是应对以美国为首的西方发达国家对中国实施高科技产品技术封锁的智睿之策。从创新政策与企业能力两个层面构建了驱动稀土产业链延伸的理论分析框架,并以 44 家中国 A 股稀土产业链上市公司为研究样本,以 2017 年和 2020 年为动态观测点,运用组态思维和 fsQCA 方法,探究财政补贴、税收优惠、风险承担水平、原料保障能力、规模水平和产权属性等前因条件耦合形成的不同组态对稀土产业链延伸的影响路径及其动态演变。结果表明：单个前因条件并不构成实现稀土产业链延伸的必要条件,但是提高财政补贴、原料保障能力和规模水平在驱动稀土企业实现产业链延伸路径中发挥着较普适的重要作用;驱动稀土产业链延伸是由多个前因条件协同作用的结果,各前因条件的有效结合以“殊途同归”的方式促进稀土企业实现产业链延伸;驱动稀土企业实现产业链延伸的路径具有较为明显的动态变化特征,呈现出以单一条件主导为主向双元条件联动主导的演变趋势。研究结论拓展和深化了产业链延伸的理论框架,为制定切实可行的中国稀土产业链延伸政策提供了具有重要参考价值的理论依据。