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21.
22.
We consider whether oil prices can account for business cycle asymmetries. We test for asymmetries based on the Markov switching
autoregressive model popularized by Hamilton (1989), using the tests devised by Clements and Krolzig (2000). We find evidence
against the conventional wisdom that recessions are more violent than expansions: while some part of the downturn in economic
activity that characterises recessionary periods can be attributed to dramatic changes in the price of oil, post-War US economic
growth is characterized by the steepness of expansions.
First Version Received: December 2000/Final Version Received: September 2001 相似文献
23.
Despite the abundant research on material flows and the growing recognition of the need to dematerialize the economy, business enterprises are still not making the best possible use of the many opportunities for material efficiency improvements. This article proposes one possible solution: material efficiency services provided by outside suppliers. It also introduces a conceptual framework for the analysis of different business models for eco-efficient services and applies the framework to material efficiency services. Four business models are outlined and their feasibility is studied from an empirical vantage point. In contrast to much of the previous research, special emphasis is laid on the financial aspects. It appears that the most promising business models are ‘material efficiency as additional service’ and ‘material flow management service’. Depending on the business model, prominent material efficiency service providers differ from large companies that offer multiple products and/or services to smaller, specialized providers. Potential clients (users) typically lack the resources (expertise, management's time or initial funds) to conduct material efficiency improvements themselves. Customers are more likely to use material efficiency services that relate to support materials or side-streams rather than those that are at the core of production. Potential client organizations with a strategy of outsourcing support activities and with experience of outsourcing are more keen to use material efficiency services. 相似文献
24.
Through daily use of computer games and advanced cartoonized learning, the lower teen generation in Japan has developed an unprecedented ability for instantaneous contextual gestalt-based decision making and high-speed multidimensional simultaneous thinking. This is a radical departure from the sequential logic of older generations. This is a conclusion we can reach after examining the voluminous data available from a new research institute in Japan. The data also indicate that the young adult generation has developed unique strategies of life, which are fascinating but difficult to understand in the framework of our traditional logic but make sense as a transition to the logic of the lower teen generation. 相似文献
25.
准确定位科学决策创新工厂物流 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了东风汽车有限公司商用车重型车厂引进新理念,导入新方法,学以致用,改善作业效率,提高制造能力,构建和谐节约型工厂物流的实践,并指出了其创新工厂物流取得的效果与存在的问题和今后的发展方向. 相似文献
26.
It is generally acknowledged that the growth rate of output, the seasonal pattern, and the business cycle are best estimated
simultaneously. To achieve this, we develop an unobserved component time series model for seasonally unadjusted US GDP. Our
model incorporates a Markov switching regime to produce periods of expansion and recession, both of which are characterized
by different underlying growth rates. Although both growth rates are time-varying, they are assumed to be cointegrated. The
analysis is Bayesian, which fully accounts for all sources of uncertainty. Comparison with results from a similar model for
seasonally adjusted data indicates that the seasonal adjustment of the data significantly alters several aspects of the full
model.
First Version Received: January 2001/Final Version Received: February 2002
Send offprint requests to: Rob Luginbuhl?Correspondence to: Rob Luginbuhl 相似文献
27.
刘小怡 《广西经济管理干部学院学报》2002,14(2):1-5
20世纪 90年代 ,美国等西方发达国家进入了以知识经济为基础的“新经济”时代。“新经济”的发展的确使经济周期出现了一些与以往不同的新特点 ,但它没有也不可能从根本上消除经济周期本身。那种认为“新经济”可以消除经济周期的观点是没有现实依据的 相似文献
28.
29.
Hale N. Tongren 《Industrial Marketing Management》1979,8(3):250-256
All too often, the terminology and practices of public relations are used when marketing is what is really needed. This misapplication appears most often when a concept, an idea, or an intangible product is involved. Webster defines public relations as: relations with the general public through publicity; those functions of a corporation, organization, branch of military service, etc., concerned with informing the public of its activities, policies, etc., and attempting to create favorable public opinion.This definition implies a general, ongoing effort to supply information supporting the image of an organization. There is, however, a considerable difference between this kind of activity and the specific, overt process of marketing. This difference has been particularly apparent in attempts of public utilities to “sell” nuclear power plants. Utilities, of course, are monopoly suppliers and, as such, must seek a favorable image in the community. Thus, when public opposition to nuclear power plants mounted, many utilities responded with stepped-up public relations programs; the method they knew best. This article examines the experience of several utilities in locating nuclear plants and suggests how marketing techniques might be used in selling this intangible product. 相似文献
30.
Christopher Kobrak 《Accounting, Business & Financial History》2002,12(1):25-42
While historians have for a long time recognized the importance of the First World War to the general flow of history, business economists do not fully appreciate the impact of the war on commercial relationships. The First World War transformed the political, economic, and social context, in which business was done, forcing companies to develop new strategies and activities, some of which were almost unimaginable before August 1914. This article focuses on one aspect of doing business: foreign exchange management. It argues that Schering AG and its parent, like many German companies after the First World War, were obliged to refocus their activities around their foreign exchange exposures and that the management of foreign exchange issues contributed to a much tighter relationship between businesses, government, and business associations than had existed before the war and for which some aspects of Germany's system of corporate control were not well adapted to handle. 相似文献