我国食品安全规制的制度性缺陷及其治理——基于新制度经济学的理论解析与政策建议

食品安全问题是我国近年来社会非常关注的民生问题之一,为何《食品安全法》通过之后,我国的食品安全问题仍然没有得到根本性的治理?本文基于新制度经济学的研究视角,发现我国当前的食品安全监管体制存在制度性障碍,无法从制度上保证食品链条的真正安全。基于此,本文建议今后应该继续改革当前分段监管的体制,降低食品从"农田到餐桌"全过程环节中的信息不对称,提高厂商的机会主义成本。同时应该积极建设和完善食品召回制度,强化监管部门的问责制,将监管部门与厂商的风险与责任有机捆绑,从制度上降低食品安全发生的概率。     

欧洲金融稳定基金的运作及其启示

主权债务危机爆发后,欧元区迅速采取行动,不仅积极寻求国际社会援助,还将视角转入区内,以期尽快实现自救。欧洲金融稳定基金(EFSF)的建立是重要举措之一。实践证明,该机制在避免债务危机进一步蔓延方面发挥了重要作用。相比之下,近年来亚洲区域金融安全网建设虽取得了显著成绩,但在治理结构、救助程序、规模与职能以及对救助方的保障等方面仍存在诸多缺陷,制约了其功能的发挥。这就需要积极借鉴EFSF经验,不断完善亚洲区域金融安全网。     

Integrated safety stock optimization for multiple sourced stockpoints facing variable demand and lead time

The safety stock placement problem of a multi-stage supply chain comprising multiple sourced stockpoints is addressed in this paper. Each stockpoint faces variability in its downstream demand and suppliers' lead time. The maximum among these suppliers' lead time is determined by employing concepts of order statistics. It is required to find the fill rate and safety stocks at each stockpoint that leads to satisfying the end customer service level at minimum safety stock placement cost. Hence, the fill rates and the safety amounts are decided from a global supply chain perspective. Two models are proposed; a decentralized safety stock placement model and a centralized consolidation model. The decentralized model finds the safety amounts at each stockpoint required to face its underlying lead time demand variability. The consolidation model finds the consolidated safety amounts that will be kept in the relevant consolidation center at each stage. A Benders decomposition technique is developed to handle the nonlinearity and binary restrictions involved in the safety stock consolidation model. Strategies proposed by the consolidation model achieve 45.2-62% reduction in safety amounts that results in a cost savings ranging between 22.2-44.2% as compared to the strategies proposed by the decentralized model.     

基于ZigBee技术矿井安全监测系统的设计

本文采用基于ZigBee网络协议无线传感器网络能够保证数据无线传输的可靠性、准确性弥补了传统的有线网络的不足与缺陷,提高了煤矿井下瓦斯监测的精确性,并随着矿井生产过程中新工作面的开采和旧巷道的废弃,只需要增加、减少或移动无线传感器节点,无线传感器网络的拓扑结构基本不受其影响。同时也提高了煤炭生产安全性,加快煤矿信息化、智能化进程。     

The Influence and Driving Factors of Foreign Trade on China＇s CO2 Emission

本文采用多边投入产出模型的贸易数据计算1997—2008年贸易内涵CO2量,结果显示,对外贸易不利于我国CO。减排量（BEET）目标的实现,但有利于降低我国的碳排放强度（PTT）。本文同时利用Divisia指数分解模型对上述结果进行了解释。各部门BEET的分解结果显示,规模效应是造成我国净内涵CO2增加的重要原因,而技术效应有利于我国环境质量（CO2减排量）的提高,但结构效应的作用并不明显。对各部门的PTT做Divisia指数分解结果表明,技术效应有利于降低我国污染强度,结构效应的影响并不统一,可以通过结构效应和技术效应的“交叉”作用,降低CO2排放强度。     

电池检测安全性系统研究

以电池检测安全性系统为研究对象,以CNAS-CL01：2006（ISO/IEC17025：2005）《检测和校准实验室能力认可准则》为依据,基于相关IEC、GB、UL、EN电池检测标准要求、实践分析以及电池产品的特殊性,从设施环境安全性和检测设备安全性出发,对电池检测实验室建筑结构、消防、排烟、环保、电气控制、监控、管理等领域开展相关安全性系统的探索研究,研究成果应用于上海出入境检验检疫局机电中心电池检测实验室。     

Exchange rate misalignments,capital flows and volatility

This study investigates the effect of three dimensions of exchange rate misalignments—(i) distance (absolute misalignments), (ii) direction (overvaluation or undervaluation), and (iii) degree (small or large misalignments)—on the overall as well as short-cycle exchange rate volatility. Using data from 1988 to 2014, we find that relative PPP-based exchange rate misalignments increase exchange rate volatility. For developed and developing countries, this increase in volatility is driven mainly by large undervalued misalignments of the U.S. dollar. This finding might be linked to interventions targeting the loss in domestic producers’ competitiveness in global markets. Interestingly, in the case of developed countries, we find this adverse effect on exchange rate volatility also for small absolute misalignments; exchange rate movements close to equilibrium may be associated with ambiguity with respect to future movements in developed countries, which can result in higher exchange rate volatility. Further, the results suggest that, when the dollar is highly undervalued, capital flows have a stabilizing effect on exchange rate volatility in developed countries but a destabilizing effect in developing countries. The finding is consistent with investors’ strategy of taking exchange rate overvaluation and undervaluation into account when engaging in cross-border investments.     

Applying Transactional NPS for Customer Journey Insight: Case Experiences and Lessons Learned

ABSTRACT

While the concept of “customer journeys” is widely taken up to support service design and management, practical frameworks for routine monitoring of customer experience in the context of customer journeys are lacking. This article proposes a framework for applying the widely used transactional Net Promoter Score (NPS) as a means for gathering insight into customers' experiences of a customer journey. We present lessons learnt from three case trials of the framework elements within a telecom service provider, involving the analysis of more than 1,700 quantitative and qualitative customer responses from transactional NPS surveys.     

Duration of disability,job mismatch and employment outcomes

Workers with disabilities have functional limitations that affect their productivity in some, but not necessarily all, jobs. Workers who find a job that is a good match for their functional limitations (i.e. a job where their limitations have little or no impact on important job functions) should expect better employment outcomes (e.g. higher wages, longer job tenure) than workers with similar disabilities who are mismatched in their jobs. Merging data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation with O*Net data on job demands, we construct two continuous measures of job mismatch for workers with physical disabilities. We then extend the literature on disability and employment by exploring relationships between duration of disability, job mismatch, wages and hours worked. The results indicate that workers with long durations of disability are employed in jobs that are a better match to their physical limitations than are similar workers with shorter durations of disability. And, workers who are mismatched earn lower wages and work fewer hours than their counterparts whose jobs are a better match. Overall, the findings suggest that disability employment policies should include systematic efforts to help workers with disabilities find good job matches.     

大港放射性安全人力资源配备和培训方案的研究

我国大型港口的放射性安全至关重要,急需一支技术过硬的检测和应急处置队伍。本文着重阐述了建设这样一支队伍所必须的人力资源要素以及相应的人员培训方案,并介绍了提升检验检疫系统放射性检验技术人员综合素质的具体措施以及对改进放射性安全管理人员的组织结构提出了设想。