Non-price determinants of automotive demand: Restyling matters most

This paper analyzes market share changes in automobile and light truck submarkets. We find that new product, as measured by restyling, represents the most consistent, dominant determinant of demand. On average a 10% reduction in relative price would yield only one-tenth the market share impact of a restyling. Alternatively, one would have to double one's relative advertising expenditures to match the impact of a restyling. Several demand determinants not previously modeled, including rebranding and warranty curtailments, were detrimental to domestic manufacturer market shares. Safety appliance adoptions and changes in vehicle reliability had minimal impact on demand.     

安全投入与企业安全生产最优决策

本文运用均衡方法与收入效应和替代效应工具构建了一个企业安全生产最优决策模型及其分析框架,对较低的工亡赔偿标准、安全资本投入不足与安全事故频发之间的内在关系及其机制给出了一个严谨的经济学解说,并通过对国内例证的考察,验证了其结论.文章发现:过低的工亡赔偿标准,在强化企业安全资本投入负激励的同时,又为其盲目增加产量而忽视安全风险提供了正激励,由此决定了20世纪90年代以来我国安全事故频发,死亡人数居高不下的局面;2004年我国提高了法定工亡赔偿标准,则从反向强化了其收入效应和替代效应,从而为企业增加安全资本投入和技术改进提供了正激励,由此决定了2004年以来的安全生产形势的持续好转.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

《食品安全法》的经济学分析

文章对我国《食品安全法》的颁布实施做了经济学的解释。认为《食品安全法》在中国实施是完善社会主义市场经济的要求;是经济增长方式需要由粗放向集约式转变的反映;是消费方式需要发生转变的客观需求。作者从成本收益理论和开放经济理论两方面进行了经济学分析。虽然从短期利益而言,造成企业的生产、销售成本提高;但从长远利益和整体利益而言,企业效益和社会效益均是增加的。《食品安全法》是我国加入WTO以后,实行开放经济的一个重要体现。对食品安全标准、食品召回制度的规范是我国开放经济,促进全球经济一体化有效发展的重要法律制度保障。     

《食品安全法》解读及其对食品行业的影响分析

食品安全直接关系广大人民群众的身体健康和生命安全,关系国民经济的健康发展和社会的和谐稳定。文章首先解读了《食品安全法》涉及的八大制度及其主要内容,提出了法律实施的具体措施,其次从经济学的微观角度分析了《食品安全法》的实施对食品行业的影响,最后论述了食品企业对《食品安全法》的战略回应。     

图论在通讯网中的应用

通讯网络是现代日常生活和生产中最不可缺少的工具,而稳定和方便的通讯则需要相应的通讯网络。通讯网络的建设应当在安全的前提下,尽可能方便每一个用户。本文从当前我国经济已经进入到了一个以资源节约、提高效率为主的时代的前提出发,从节约资源的角度,利用图论中的最小生成树理论,较好地解决了通讯网络的最优化铺设问题,并对这一类问题的解决提供一种新的思路。     

An integrated production–distribution model for the dynamic location and allocation problem with safety stock optimization

The design and management of a multi-stage production–distribution system is one of the most critical problems in logistics and in facility management. Companies need to be able to evaluate and design different configurations for their logistic networks as quickly as possible. This means coordinating the entire supply chain effectively in order to minimize costs and simultaneously optimize facilities location, the allocation of customer demand to production/distribution centers, the inbound and outbound transportation activities, the product flows between production and/or warehousing facilities, the reverse logistics activities, etc.Full optimization of supply chain is achieved by integrating strategic, tactical, and operational decision-making in terms of the design, management, and control of activities. The cost-based and mixed-integer programming model presented in this study has been developed to support management in making the following decisions: the number of facilities (e.g. warehousing systems, distribution centers), the choice of their locations and the assignment of customer demand to them, and also incorporate tactical decisions regarding inventory control, production rates, and service-level determination in a stochastic environment. This paper presents an original model for the dynamic location–allocation problem with control of customer service level and safety stock optimization. An experimental analysis identifies the most critical factors affecting the logistics cost, and to finish, an industrial application is illustrated demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach.     

货币政策操作对银行部门的影响——基于商业银行面板数据的实证研究

本文利用我国64家商业银行的微观数据,对货币政策操作在商业银行层面的实际影响展开了实证研究。研究表明,现有主要货币政策工具在商业银行这一关键的政策传导中间环节产生了显著冲击,这种冲击在银行资产配置和净利差两个方面都有体现。通胀和商业银行个体特性对于这种冲击具有重要影响。这种冲击在全国性银行和地区性银行间存在一定差异,因此,本文也为差异化管理提供了理论上的支持。     

ISO9000质量体系与HSE管理体系的发展及其兼容性探讨

简述了ＥＳＯ９０００质量管理和质量保证系列标准和ＨＳＥ石油天然气工业健康、安全与环境管理体系标准的形成过程。从适用范围、管理目标、标准的级别等方面详细分析了两者的差异;从管理性质、管理思想、组织过程、要素结构内容及标准的效力等方面了两者的相同或相似之处;进而从标准的发展和依据石油天然气企业生产管理的实际论述了两者兼容的可能性与现实性。     

基于AHP-TOPSIS的城市轨道交通应急演练评估研究

为提升演练质量与效果,阐述城市轨道交通应急演练现状,在构建大客流综合处置演练评估指标体系的基础上,将层次分析法AHP与TOPSIS法两者有机结合,建立城市轨道交通应急演练评估模型,以城市轨道交通大客流综合处置演练为例,从协调指挥、信息传递、关键流程控制、运营恢复4个方面综合考虑影响演练效果的评估因素。通过层次分析法得出各指标权重值,采用TOPSIS法进行计算排序,针对参演各班组的演练情况进行排序,实现对城市轨道交通大客流演练的评估。经过实例验证表明,AHP-TOPSIS模型具有良好的适应性与合理性,对各种类型的应急演练评估有很好的应用价值。