兰州局集团公司车务系统安全标准化体系构建实践

标准化建设是提高铁路企业效率和安全管控能力的重要途径。兰州局集团公司车务系统以标准化为主线,以实现人的行为安全可控为目标,遵循体系建设系统性、充分性、适宜性的要求,坚持体系化、标准化、闭环管理、流程再造的设计原则,从标准体系及标准评价体系、标准化车间、标准化生产指挥中心和智能行车系统等方面,对车务系统安全标准化体系功能进行设计,为构建管理规范、标准统一、保障有力的车务系统安全标准化体系提供支撑。     

Safety risk and international investment decisions

We identify and demonstrate the merit of a novel institutional factor, safety risk, which likely affects multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) international investment decisions. Safety risk refers to the extent to which security and physical well-being are endangered due to normalized aggression and criminality in society. Despite concerns from executives and policymakers, safety risk has attracted little research attention. We validate a safety risk measure and evaluate the construct’s effect on MNCs’ investments. The findings indicate that countries’ safety risk deters MNCs from investing. Further, in post hoc analyses, firms’ prior experiences with safety risk and countries’ private security investments moderated this relationship.     

Net neutrality and market power: The case of South Africa

Net neutrality rules have been implemented in many developed countries, often in response to concerns over network operator market power and potential blocking or throttling of content. However, developing countries typically have significantly lower levels of internet penetration and usage. Market power in respect of internet access looks quite different given that mobile is the predominant means of connection and there are often three or more mobile operators. In South Africa, there is a quasi-monopoly in the paid satellite broadcasting market and broadband providers zero-rating content from third parties (such as Netflix) may bring about more competition. We test the main theories of harm arising in the net neutrality debate, including network operator market power and exclusion among content providers using data on the number of announced prefixes and peers and IP addresses and considering examples of bundling and zero-rating conduct by operators. We find that net neutrality rules are less likely to be required in South Africa and other developing countries and that strict enforcement of such rules could in fact hinder competition in markets for content, telecommunications networks and other related markets.     

The evaluation of Istanbul airspace design from the perspective of complexity and safety

The approach, descent, and climb phases of flights in terminal maneuvering areas (TMAs) are some of the critical parts of a flight in which more than half of accidents happen. For an ANSP (Air Navigation Service Provider), to fulfill the responsibility with a high-quality service degree while maintaining safety, these difficult areas should be designed carefully and equipped with the most efficient procedures. Point merge system (PMS), which is defined as a systemized method for sequencing arrival flows, is launched in Istanbul's new TMA (LTFM TMA) being designed by DHMI (Devlet Hava Meydanları Isletmesi) to improve safety and efficiency. In this paper, the airspace complexity is based on adjusted density and structural index, and safety indicators. To investigate the effects of the radical changes made in re-organized LTFM TMA on the safety issue in comparison with the previous terminal maneuvering area, LTBA TMA, six months' data consisting of 75215 arrival and departure flights are used. Results reflect that the LTFM TMA, one of the world's busiest terminal airspaces, has statistically significantly lower scores in terms of conflict numbers per aircraft, complexity metrics, adjusted density, the hour of interactions, and flight hours than LTBA TMA. Lastly, there exists no longer a significant relationship between conflict types and complexity after launching the new design and structure.     

基于BP神经网络的拱坝风险评价研究

拱坝坝高库大,环境条件复杂,又多处于高烈度地震区;一旦失事,后果不堪设想。不但会严重影响工农业生产、重创国民经济,而且会使人民生命财产遭受极大损失,产生恶劣的政治影响。因此,拱坝的风险分析与风险评价越来越受到力学界、坝工界、政府的高度重视和社会各界的广泛关注。利用神经网络的方法,研究具有拱坝风险评价问题,建立了基于BP神经网络的评价模型。     

车站列车进路语音提示与报警系统

车站办理列车进路时，由于微机监测系统无法将某些影响因素考虑到进路安排中，人工考虑难以避免错漏情况。为此基于SST89单片机和ISD4003语音芯片技术，研制了列车进路办理语音提示与报警系统，采用隔离的RS422接口与TDCS通信，自动从列车调度指挥系统获得拟定进路信息，对进路上的各区段进行核查，并以屏幕提示和语音报警的形式提醒调度人员注意确认，从而提高车站列车进路办理的安全性。     

铁路集装箱场区安全布局评价研究

铁路集装箱场区的布局在体现基本运输功能和满足生产工艺要求的基础上，要综合考虑其各种安全因素。通过分析铁路集装箱场区安全布局的内外部影响因素，建立安全布局的综合评价指标体系，采用基于Rough Set的算法进行综合评价。通过算例对铁路集装箱场区的布局进行综合评价，结果证明了算法的实用性和可行性。     

Net share issues and the cross‐section of equity returns under a dividend imputation tax system

Despite considerable empirical evidence reporting a negative relationship between net share issuance and subsequent returns, it remains unresolved whether this anomaly is explained by risk or investor irrationality. This study examines the net share issuance anomaly using seasoned equity offerings before and after the introduction of an imputation tax system. We report robust evidence of a negative relationship between net share issuance and returns post‐imputation, but no relationship pre‐imputation. Our results provide evidence to support the international pervasiveness of the net share issuance anomaly, but more importantly suggest that this anomaly may be explained by risk.     

Do investors misprice components of net periodic pension cost?

We examine whether and how investors misprice the components of net periodic pension cost under SFAS No. 87 and 158. We find that investors appear to have difficulty in understanding the transitory feature of other net periodic pension cost (PPOPCC) and thus overestimate its persistence, which in turn leads to the mispricing of PPOPCC in the pre‐158 period. We also find that SFAS No. 158 appears to reduce the mispricing of PPOPCC, suggesting a positive effect of SFAS No. 158 on investors' valuation of pension items in the income statement. Additional analysis suggests that investors also overestimate the persistence of, and thus misprice, pension‐related cash flows and accruals in the pre‐158 period and that SFAS No. 158 reduces the mispricing of pension‐related cash flows and accruals.