儿童品牌意识的研究与展望

儿童品牌意识对品牌选择和儿童消费行为有重要影响。文章阐述了儿童品牌意识的产生和发展过程,并探讨了影响儿童品牌意识的环境决定因素,包括：电视广告、家庭特征、同伴影响及消费文化。最后提出了关于儿童品牌意识的研究方向。     

You eat “like a girl”: gender differences in content and effects of food advertising depicting sports

Research to date is just beginning to examine the nature and impact of portrayals of physical activity on children’s attitudes in the marketing literature. The following two-part study therefore examines gender differences in the content and effects of food advertising depicting physical activities among children. Study one presents a content analysis of food advertisements shown during children’s television programming, revealing that healthy foods are associated with females while healthy activities are associated predominantly with males. Study two then examines children’s responses to an advertisement for an unhealthy food that portrays both male and female characters engaged in physical activities. Gender differences appeared to be the result of males’ greater belief that a junk food can aid in one’s physical abilities, leading them to hold greater intentions to engage in physical activity as compared to females and males who viewed an ad without physical activity.     

生育对女性收入的影响研究

本文基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS2016)数据,全面考察子女数量对女性收入的因果效应.根据研究显示,中国实施"二孩政策"之后,女性的生育意愿提高,女性如多生育一个孩子,收入会显著降低14.1％,而生育对男性的收入没有显著影响.如果"二孩政策"的实施达到预期的政策目标,那么女性的收入很可能随生育率的提高而下降,从而扩大...     

赡养上一辈对中年家庭发展能力的影响路径——基于CFPS家庭配对数据的分析

利用2016年CFPS数据,从微观家庭视角,采用结构方程模型探讨多元化养老情境下赡养上一辈对中年家庭发展能力的影响路径。实证分析表明,老人的经济能力、衰老特征、失能情况三个变量对子代家庭发展能力的联合解释力为82%。老人经济能力的中介作用十分显著,且对衰老特征影响子代家庭发展能力具有遮掩效应,导致衰老叠加风险被子代家庭和公共政策所忽视。不同出生队列、育儿类型、城乡家庭群组在"失能情况通过老人经济能力影响家庭发展"这条路径上表现出明显的差异。失能引起城市老人由"小家庭"向"大家庭"的聚合,农村则相反。实施更加精准的家庭支持政策需综合考虑老人经济能力、衰老特征变化规律、失能情况以及子代家庭脆弱性。     

Children’s independent mobility in Portugal: effects of urbanization degree and motorized modes of travel

This study is aimed to evaluate the impact of urbanization in children’s independent mobility in Portugal. Mobility licenses, actual mobility, fear of traffic, stranger danger and sense of community were compared in highly, moderately and non urbanized environments and according to gender. Results showed that increase of urbanization leads to a decrease of children’s licenses to independently cross and cycle main roads; go out after dark and go to places other than school. The rising of urbanization leads to an increase of children’s mean age for independent active travel; and at the same time a decrease of independent active school-home travel and leisure time activities. Parental fear regarding traffic is the most frequent cause for concern regarding children’s safety when they are outdoors. Stranger danger and low sense of community are more prevalent in parents from the highly-urbanized environment. Overall, girls enjoy less actual mobility than boys. The discussion shows that children’s freedom of movement in the highly-urbanized setting is very restricted due to a pervasive automobile dependence, proposing a shift from a motorized to a walkable city.     

父母外出务工对农村留守儿童身心健康的影响研究

基于2015-2016年五个国定贫困县137所农村小学两期追踪调查数据,文章利用倾向得分匹配与差分模型相结合的方法实证分析了农村劳动力外出务工对留守儿童身心健康的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,父母外出总体上并不会影响儿童的身体健康,但对儿童的心理健康有显著的消极影响。进一步的检验发现,父母外出务工的"分离效应"会显著降低儿童的身心健康水平,而"收入效应"会显著改善儿童的身心健康,抵消"分离效应"的负面影响。在留守儿童规模不断扩大的背景下,充分发挥父母外出的"收入效应",减少"分离效应"是缓解农村留守儿童身心健康问题的基本思路。     

留守儿童的公平感与幸福度:来自实地实验与调查的依据

文章利用实地实验与调查相结合的方法,研究父母双方均外出的留守儿童与非留守儿童在公平感和幸福度上的差异。根据儿童在独裁者游戏、最后通牒游戏和问卷调查中的结果,我们发现两类儿童对优势和弱势不公平的厌恶方面不存在显著差异,但留守儿童主观汇报的幸福度显著低于非留守儿童。机制探究显示父母陪伴缺失是导致留守儿童幸福度较低的原因。若将留守儿童的定义扩大至父母一方在外务工者,以上差异均消失,说明双留守儿童是我们更应关注的群体。文章研究对补充现有留守儿童行为研究以及相应公共政策均具有重要的启示意义。     

Tourism and autism: Journeys of mixed emotions

There is an evolving tourism literature around psychological wellbeing, social exclusion and disability. This paper advances tourism knowledge into the terrain of psychological health and developmental complexities, and psychological distress. It draws on a phenomenological position to understand the lived experiences of mothers of children with developmental difficulties, in this case diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It discusses the emotional and everyday challenges of caring for a child diagnosed with ASD on holiday, discusses the perceived benefits holidays offer and outlines care-giving strategies adopted by mothers to manage their children’s tourism experiences. The paper discusses the uniqueness of the context of autism and problematizes popular discourses, which predominantly frame tourism as pleasurable settings of escape, stimulation, novelty and relaxation.     

Children’s interaction with the Internet: time dedicated to communications and games

In the context of growing interest of individuals in the Internet, the literature has not paid attention to the uses of time for children, given the scarcity of appropriate data bases that provide accurate information. To partially cover this gap, we now provide here evidence of the time that children aged between 10 and 12 years dedicate to two online activities: computer communication and computer gaming. To that end, we estimate a simultaneous seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) model with data from the Spanish Time Use Survey for 2009–2010. Results indicate that being female generates a positive influence on the time devoted to computer communication, and being male generates a positive influence on the time devoted to computer gaming. We also find that a greater number of family members with secondary studies generates a positive influence on the time spent on computer gaming. Children with better health spend more time on both of these activities and, finally, living in a larger city produces a positive effect on the time dedicated to computer gaming.     

Food for Kids: How Children Influence their Parents Purchasing Decisions

During the last decades, sociological changes have modified the role of children within families: participatory models have become more widespread, to the detriment of more authoritative ones: this change has had consequences also in reference to families’ purchases. In scientific literature some scholars have shown that this influence is real, and marketers try to take advantage of this through a communication style that attempts to “teach” children how to pester their parents: this is the so-called nag factor. To understand which are the parental attitudes toward kids’ food products, a questionnaire has been administered in schools (nursery and primary) to a random sample of parents, representative of a larger sample of kids (200 in all). Findings showed that pestering is a real attitude, in particular among the littlest children. Moreover, these findings reflect in part the reality described by marketing literature: children influence the purchasing decisions of their parents, but this influence decreases when mothers and fathers are more aware of the importance of a quality-based diet.