中低增长与日本经济发展新时期

2002~2006年及今后的景气恢复与发展,标志着日本已经进入一个以中低增长为特征的新的经济发展时期,而形成这一阶段特征的重要根源则在于日本混在的经济.产业.企业结构。为推进这一时期的持续发展,必须解决伴随"少子老龄化"的深层次经济结构问题。从认识混在结构和提高劳动生产率.工资入手,则是解决问题的关键所在。     

Family migration in China: Do migrant children affect parental settlement intention?

This paper investigates the role of migrant children in the permanent settlement intention of their parents. Using two independent survey datasets on Chinese internal migration, we examine whether and how migrant children-related factors are associated with migrant parents’ intention of permanent urban settlement. Our results show that parents with migrant children are more likely to settle in a destination city permanently than those without. The probability of permanent urban settlement intention of parents with migrant children is 49% higher than those without. The results are robust to a series of sensitivity tests. Potential channels for the findings are also explored.     

School attendance and economic shocks: Evidence from rural Zimbabwe

Unpredicted shocks such as weather, pests or price changes affect agricultural households negatively or positively. The shocks have two opposite effects (income and substitution) on parents’ investments in the human capital of their children, and it is not predictable from theory whether the income effect or the substitution effect of a shock has a greater impact on the investments. Therefore, it is unknown whether human capital investments (i.e. sending children to school rather than having them work) are procyclical or countercyclical. In this paper we show how hyperinflation may affect investments in the education of children by their parents using three data-sets from Zimbabwe. We find that human capital investments are countercyclical (the substitution effect dominates) in rural areas of Zimbabwe during a shock. Therefore, policymakers in Zimbabwe need to be worried about decreased schooling of children during positive shocks in the rural areas.     

炎琥宁注射液与鱼腥草注射液治疗小儿肺炎疗效对比分析

目的探讨炎琥宁注射液与鱼腥草注射液治疗小儿肺炎的临床疗效和安全性.方法将小儿肺炎患者150例,按照治疗方式分为炎琥宁组78例和鱼腥草组72例,炎琥宁组给予炎琥宁注射液治疗,鱼腥草组给予鱼腥草注射液治疗.两组患者治疗一个疗程后对临床症状和体征、疗效及不良反应进行评估.结果炎琥宁组患者症状和体征消失时间与鱼腥草组比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.炎琥宁组和鱼腥草组治疗有效率分别为92.31%和93.06%,两组比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.炎琥宁组不良反应发生率较鱼腥草组高,差异具有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论炎琥宁注射液与鱼腥草注射液治疗小儿肺炎的疗效相当,但鱼腥草注射液不良反应发生率较低,值得临床推广使用.     

少儿图书馆的少儿社会责任内容及其实现路径

目前对图书馆社会责任的研究主要集中在公共图书馆和高校图书馆这两类图书馆上,而对少年儿童图书馆的社会责任研究比较少见。少儿图书馆承担社会责任的途径主要有:要强化图书馆干部员工的社会责任意识,提高图书馆干部员工的综合素质,拓展文化服务领域。     

Individual and Situational Determinants of U.S. Consumers’ Buying Behavior of Organic Foods

ABSTRACT

The current study expands on previous research by examining a more comprehensive set of factors that influence consumers’ buying behavior of organic foods. This study focuses on individual and situational factors associated with attitudes and intentions to buy organic foods, which subsequently lead to organic food-buying behavior. Health and environmental consciousness were found to be individual factors that significantly influenced attitudes toward buying organic foods, whereas children’s age and perceived convenience of purchase were recognized as strong situational factors that determined intentions to buy organic foods.     

Children’s stories about team selection: a discourse analysis

The aim of our study was to identify and problematise messages and value principles visible in children’s stories about team selection in sport. To achieve this, we adopted a discourse analysis approach. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 24 children aged 10–11 years who participated in four team sports in 12 different Swedish sports clubs. Based on the children’s stories, the findings reveal two discourses of team selection: one participation/inclusion-oriented and one performance/exclusion-oriented discourse in which four different forms of team selection work. The participation/inclusion-oriented discourse constructs sport as a fun game that involves all participating children. The performance/exclusion-oriented discourse shows that coaches select the best children in the team to obtain the best chance of winning games. Some of the coaches have given conflicting messages that align with both discourses, which are revealed by both the girls’ and the boys’ voices in varying degrees. The findings also demonstrate that children’s reasons for playing sport are in harmony with the participation/inclusive-oriented discourse. This discourse represents a child’s perspective, promoting every child’s right to participate under the same conditions. However, the selection procedure in both discourses exhibits strong classification, since coaches are the ones who possess the power to select.     

Cooperation and discrimination within and across language borders: Evidence from children in a bilingual city

We present experimental evidence from a bilingual city in Northern Italy on whether the affiliation to a specific language group affects behavior in a prisoner׳s dilemma game and leads to discrimination. Running a framed field experiment with 828 six- to eleven-year old primary school children in the city of Meran, we find that cooperation generally increases with age, but that the gap between cooperation among in-group members and cooperation towards children speaking another language is considerable and develops with age. This gap is due to both in-group favoritism and language group discrimination. While the former is persistent across all age groups and both language groups and accounts for most of the discrimination observed, the latter only emerges in later years of primary school among children belonging to the German language group.     

Child socialization practices: Implications for retailers in emerging markets

Considering the unprecedented growth in the active role of children in the modern market place the present paper attempts to understand the potential of kids as consumers in an emerging retail market. The exploratory study uses a quota sample of 136 urban Indian parents to assess their attitude towards parenting and child socialization along with their preferences for retail formats while buying across select children׳s product categories. The empirical evidences of the research established the active and positive role of the urban Indian parents in the child׳s consumer socialization process and acknowledge the growing status of a child as an influencer and independent buyer with respect to select product categories in the market. The study reiterates on the positive correlation between the child׳s age and the strength of his influence on family purchase decisions. The paper significantly contributes with its insights on contemporary consumers to aid retailers with relevant marketing knowledge pertaining to the market of children and their parents in emerging India.     

‘I'm like you,you're like me,we make a great brand community!’ Similarity and children's brand community participation.

Moving beyond a common brand interest, homophily is employed to understand the impact of characteristic similarity between child members of a brand community on attitudes toward the brand community and community participation desire. Three experimental studies were undertaken, assessing member similarity, respect, and member deviance with relation to brand community attitudes and participation desire. Results suggest greater similarity enhances children's attitudes toward the community and participation desire, explained by an increased respect towards the community. When a community member is deviant (disloyal), respect, and subsequently attitudes and participation desire, decline. By introducing homophily to child-oriented brand communities; this research contributes to the sparse literature, with results highlighting marketers should emphasize member similarity when promoting brand communities aimed at children.