Venture capital,innovation, and growth: evidence from Chinese metropolitan data

Using panel data from 282 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2015, we estimate the impact of venture capital (VC) on innovation, employment, and payroll in metropolitan areas. Controlling for endogeneity, VC investments are significantly positively related to metropolitan innovation, employment, and payroll in a fixed effects panel regression and dynamic GMM estimation. Using the number of IPOs (Initial public offerings) in the city as an instrumental variable to again control for endogeneity, VC remains significant. Our results show that VC is significantly contributing to the metropolitan economy as a whole by supporting innovation, creating jobs, and generating wealth in the local cities.     

税务管理现代化国际比较及对我国的启示

随着中国经济的快速增长,提高税务管理水平,实现税务管理现代化日益受到关注。本文分析了澳大利亚、美国和日本等先进国家的税务管理特点,论述了世界各个国家税务管理的改革趋势。在此基础上提出了我国税务管理存在的问题,分析国外税务管理给我国带来的启示及我国税务管理现代化的具体举措。     

The impact of credit constraints on the performance of Chinese agricultural wholesalers

This article evaluates the impact of credit constraints on the performance of Chinese agricultural wholesalers. We estimate a stochastic frontier function using transaction and credit data of agricultural wholesalers from across China to estimate the efficiency and productivity impacts of credit constraints on sales of affected agricultural wholesalers. Empirical results show that micro- and smaller wholesalers are disproportionally impacted by credit constraints and that eliminating these constraints would increase the sales of affected agricultural wholesalers by approximately 15%. Thus, policies aimed at providing credit access for these wholesalers would significantly boost the performance of smaller agricultural wholesalers while improving the overall performance of the Chinese food supply chain without requiring additional non-credit inputs.     

Effects of government spending shocks in China,Japan, and Korea

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the effects of government spending shocks on various key macro variables in China, Korea, and Japan using structural VAR models. The main empirical findings are as follows. Government spending multipliers of all three countries are far larger than 1 in recent years. The effectiveness of fiscal expansion has not changed markedly in China but substantially increased in Korea (after the Asian financial crisis) and Japan (during zero lower bound period). Increases in the effectiveness of fiscal expansion are associated with changes in the monetary and exchange rate policy regimes and institutions of these countries. Among the three countries, the government spending multiplier is relatively large in China but relatively small in Japan in recent years. Although the effects on exchange rate and trade balance vary across countries and sample periods, real exchange rate tends to depreciate, whereas trade balance tends to improve under flexible exchange rate regimes. Some empirical findings are consistent with standard theory, but others are not.

Abbreviations: NK: New Keynesian VAR: Vector Autoregressive ZLB: Zero Lower Bound     

对南北战争前美国股份制经济的历史考察

在美国，从国家独立到走向繁荣的进程中，股份经济起着十分重要的作用。其股份经济最早产生于17世纪初，它从英国移植而来，为美国提供了现成的企业组织形式。18世纪中后期，一些州政府对有限责任的许可，推动了美国股份经济的初步发展，19世纪30年代到南北战争前发生的以铁路建设大发展为标志的交通运输业革命，导致了美国历史上股份经济发展的第一个高潮，它为南北战争后美国经济迈入世界工业化强国奠定了基础。     

农村全面小康社会建设进程监测指标与方法完善探讨

本文在正确理解农村全面小康社会内涵和借鉴吸收前人研究成果的基础上，重新构建了一套农村全面小康社会建设监测指标体系和监测方法,     

中国固定资产投资实证研究模型综述

在利用中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)进行文献检索的基础上,总结归纳出中国固定资产投资实证研究集中在五个方面:固定资产投资总额预测,宏观经济多部门动态模型,固定资产投资对经济增长影响分析,固定资产投资效果及滞后效应分析,固定资产投资地区差距分析.并对相应的模型和基本结论进行概述.     

中国农村性别收入差距变化趋势:1993、1997和2006

运用中国营养与健康调查两个横截面的数据研究了农村劳动力收入的性别差异及其变化情况。农村男女劳动力收入方面存在着明显的性别差异,并且有扩大的趋势。工资回报差异的上升是性别收入差距扩大的主要原因,来自自雇劳动方面的差异则表现为先扩大后缩小收入差距的特点,农业劳动影响不大。     

经济增长和人口集聚对城市环境空气质量的影响及区域分异——以第一阶段实施新空气质量标准的74个城市为例

为评估经济增长和人口集聚对城市环境空气质量的影响,寻求源头改善城市环境空气质量的可行路径,以第一阶段实施新空气质量标准的74个城市为例,基于输出导向的数据包络分析模型,以经济和人口指标为输入,以城市环境空气质量指数为输出,计算城市经济增长和人口集聚的整体效率,表征经济增长和人口集聚对城市环境空气质量的影响。结果表明:三大城市群中,京津冀的环境影响比长三角大26.0%,长三角比珠三角大11.2%;省会城市中,中部地区的环境影响最大,东北地区其次,西部地区第三,东部地区最小。快速推进的工业化和城镇化,投资拉动冶金、能源重化工产业和房地产业高速发展,土地财政助推人口密度不断提高,使得大气污染物在城市局地范围内、短时间、大量集中排放,远超城市大气环境容量,是造成城市环境空气质量明显下降的根本原因。改善城市环境空气质量,必须从环境影响源头入手,加快经济转型升级步伐,适度、有序推进人口城镇化。     

在线购买信任模式的中国实证研究

信任的缺失是使消费者不愿在线购买的主要原因之一。为提供中国在线购买信任问题一个有效的解决方案,基于对Cheung and Lee(2000)和Kit Lui(2003)等在线购买信任模式实证研究结果和局限性的认识,本论文提出一个修正模式并在中国大陆的情境下开展实证研究。研究结果显示,在所有网上购买信任的前置变量中,网上商店的有用性和消费经历与在线购买信任表现出更为强烈的正相关。并且,消费经历与有用性不但通过在线购买信任变量积极影响在线购买意图,并且对在线购买意图的产生也有较强的、直接的积极作用。另外,在线信任等变量在人口统计学特征上和消费习惯上表现出一定的差异,男性、学历较高、上网时间长、网购次数多、每次花费金额多、预测未来两年在线消费比例上升的在线消费者群体,其对在线购买的信任更多地表现在有用性和安全控制的良好认知上。