How different are the regional factors of high-tech and low-tech start-ups? Evidence from Japanese manufacturing industries

This paper analyzes regional determinants of the start-up ratio in the Japanese manufacturing sector. A major contribution of this study is the comparison between high-tech and low-tech industries. The empirical results using a sample of 253 industrial districts suggest that business density, weight of the manufacturing sector, and the average business size significantly influence the start-up ratio in both high-tech and low-tech industries. Distinct differences between these industries were found with regard to the effects of human capital, research institutes, and the weight of high-tech industries.

新时期我国高增长行业的产业政策分析

高增长行业在推动经济增长、解决就业、促进技术进步等方面具有重要的意义。高增长行业的产业政策必须根据高增长行业自身的技术属性、初始条件和外部环境的变化进行动态的调整。本文就此提出了动态能力导向的高增长行业产业政策。与传统的产业政策相比,动态能力导向的产业政策具有动态性和创业性两方面的特征。传统产业政策的理论基础是新古典的市场失败理论,在该框架下,政府的核心功能是对产业发展进行长期计划。动态能力导向的产业政策则建构于演化理论的基础上。在该理论框架下,由于环境是不确定的、复杂的,因此,政府的作用主要不是计划,而是努力通过与企业的信息交流和互动来共同克服产业发展的障碍,并最终形成产业与环境的动态匹配;由于环境是变化的,因此,产业政策的重点不是加强既有的企业和产品,而是通过促进企业的创业性活动实现企业和产业竞争能力的培育和提升。     

领导愤怒表达如何影响员工创新过程投入——一个被调节的链式中介模型

基于EASI模型,结合情绪认知评价理论,构建中国组织情境下领导愤怒表达通过组织支持感与职场焦虑影响员工创新过程投入的链式中介模型,探讨正念的边界条件。研究结果表明：领导愤怒表达对员工创新过程投入具有负向影响;组织支持感和职场焦虑分别在领导愤怒表达对员工创新过程投入的负向影响中起中介作用及链式中介作用;员工正念通过缓和职场焦虑对创新过程投入的负向影响,进而调节组织支持感与职场焦虑的链式中介作用。该研究不仅有助于丰富领导愤怒情绪研究,也可为组织管理者完善情绪表达策略提供启发。     

Toward ‘Wisely Managed’ Capitalism: Post-Keynesian Institutionalism and the Creative State

Post-Keynesian Institutionalism (PKI), a synthesis of post Keynesian and institutional economics, emerged in the USA as a strand of evolutionary economics in the early 1980s and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. This article examines milestones in the development of PKI, devoting particular attention to the tradition’s conception of the role of the state. The first section identifies antecedents to PKI in the writings of John R. Commons and John Maynard Keynes. The second describes how PKI emerged against the backdrop of increasing dissatisfaction with neoclassical Keynesianism in the era of stagflation. The third summarizes the subsequent contributions of Hyman P. Minsky, whose work was a model of PKI in the 1980s and 1990s. The final two sections outline PKI’s contemporary characteristics and identify elements of an agenda for future research. PKI has always been about achieving a more humane form of capitalism, which requires the state to play a creative role in shaping economic life.

Industry specific effects in investment performance and valuation of firms

A necessary criterion for a performance measure in corporate governance is the degree to which it mirrors how well the management succeeds in maximizing firm value. Such a performance measure is marginal q which links changes in firm value to the investments undertaken by the management. Empirical studies of investment and performance based on marginal q have demonstrated the usefulness of this measure. Most research however, has mainly focused on long-term performance. This paper takes a short-term perspective and, based on the marginal q-theory, considers how firms’ market values change in the extreme stock price cycle of a stock market bubble. Using a data set of listed Swedish corporations we find an anomaly in form of a new industry specific effect that, in addition to investment, explains changes in firm value.

Firm size,sectors and countries as sources of variety in innovation

This paper aims at providing a comprehensive empirical appraisal of the nature, extent and sources of variety in innovation in industry across Europe. The results presented in the empirical section of this paper are based on a unique database (SIEPI) containing data drawn by the second Community Innovation Survey (CIS2) for 10 countries, 22 manufacturing sectors and three firm-size classes. This database has allowed us to look beyond the sectoral aggregate statistics provided by Eurostat and explore in detail the differences in innovation processes both within and across European countries and manufacturing industries. Further, the SIEPI database has been used to identify the determinants of the variety in innovation across Europe. In particular, the analysis focuses on the relative importance of sector-specific, context-specific and firm-size factors in driving firms’ innovative behaviours and performances.     

Internal And External Adjustment To New Technologies

Schumpeterian creative destruction occurs not only at the industry level, but also with each firm trying to maintain or improve its position in the technology race. Based on a rich data set on more than 4,000 German business units, this paper shows that the simultaneous occurrence of hiring and separations is more likely in firms with the most advanced technologies in use than in units more distant from the technological frontier. This positive relation between technological advance and creative destruction documented also by churning and ‘excess job reallocation equations - holds particularly in recovery years, while it is weak during a recession. The explanation provided for this finding in the paper is that firms can also improve technologies by upgrading machinery and/or retraining workers, and these ‘implementation’ costs arc likely to be lower during economic downturns.     

Infinitesimal Firms and Increasing Cost Industries

This article presents a rigorous version of the basic model of an increasing-cost competitive industry found in many textbooks. In the model, firms are infinitesimal, which justifies price-taking behavior and a continuous industry supply curve. The industry supply curve slopes upward because of dispersion in the efficiency of firms. In this framework, the authors emphasize the role of the marginal firm. This role is not clearly emphasized in many textbook presentations of the increasing cost industry.     

旅游业与资源型产业之间的和谐发展——兼论山西省煤炭和旅游和谐发展

旅游业是一个和谐的产业,和谐旅游是推动和谐社会建设的重要力量,而和谐旅游的实施难点在于很好地处理旅游业与资源型产业之间的摩擦.文章以山西省为案例研究了旅游与煤炭的和谐发展,总结了煤旅关系的五个本质特点和煤旅矛盾的五种表现方式,找到了煤旅和谐发展的亮点,提出了煤旅和谐发展的四种思路,认为大力发展煤炭工业和大力发展旅游产业都是山西经济发展的重中之重,发展煤炭工业可以实现社会经济的跨跃式发展,发展旅游产业可以实现经济增长方式的转变,推进社会和谐发展和可持续发展.     

基于生命周期的西部特色优势产业自主创新模式选择研究

本文首先在国内最新研究综述的基础上,阐述了模仿创新、集成创新和原始创新三种技术创新模式的内涵与特征;然后结合产业周期理论,通过分析特色优势产业在生命周期各阶段的不同特点,对应自主创新模式的不同要求,提出特色优势产业应选择的创新主导模式,为特色优势产业创新模式的选择提供科学依据;最后根据西部特色优势产业的整体状况,建议其自主创新应选择以模仿创新为主的混合型创新模式。