Controlling and combining resources in networks — from Uppsala to Stanford, and back again: The case of a biotech innovation

This paper explores how resources are controlled and combined in a biotech network that spans from Uppsala, Sweden, to Stanford, USA. A case study is reported that describes and analyses how the original discovery, developed at the Department of Genetics and Pathology at Uppsala University, Sweden, was combined with other innovations at Stanford University, California, and under the influence and control of several different actors, including venture capitalists, were exploited within a newly founded company, ParAllele.The paper analyzes the resources that are created, combined and controlled in the network around these scientific discoveries and the company hosting them. This analysis shows how actors are using and are exposed to different control mechanisms, such as action, results and personnel controls, in the innovation process. Our discussion emphasizes how the involved actors apply various types of controls on resources in order to reach their objectives. Forms of control that both entail mobilizing other actors and preventing actions in the emerging network are of importance. We conclude the paper by pointing out the features of control in innovation processes as well as obstacles to control in a business network setting.     

创业拼凑、机会识别与社会企业绩效研究——管家文化的调节作用

利用199家社会企业问卷调研数据,基于创业拼凑理论和管家理论,探讨创业拼凑、机会识别、管家文化与社会企业绩效间的关系。结果表明,创业拼凑对社会企业绩效有显著正向影响;机会识别在创业拼凑与社会企业绩效间具有中介作用;以员工为中心的管家文化和以企业家为中心的管家文化正向调节创业拼凑与机会识别的关系。研究结论可丰富创业拼凑相关理论,并为社会企业突破资源约束、提升企业绩效提供新思路。     

产学研创新资源错配对省域创新效率的影响——基于要素扭曲测度模型与超效率SBM-DEA模型

基于2009-2018年中国内地30个省市区（西藏数据缺失）面板数据,利用要素扭曲测度模型测算企业、高校、科研机构的人才错配指数和资金错配指数,将资源配置分为相对不足和相对冗余两种情形,并采用超效率SBM-DEA模型测算省域创新效率,进而探讨产学研创新资源错配对省域创新效率的影响。研究发现,就不同省域而言,企业“人多财寡异曲同工”,人才配置冗余和资金配置不足均有利于省域创新效率提升,而人才配置不足和资金配置冗余对省域创新效率的影响不显著;高校“人财多寡事关创新兴衰”,人才配置不足和资金配置不足不利于省域创新效率提升,人才配置冗余和资金配置冗余有利于省域创新效率提升;科研机构“人财不足掣肘创新”,人才配置不足和资金配置不足均不利于省域创新效率提升,人才配置冗余和资金配置冗余对省域创新效率的影响不显著。     

互联网产业集聚能否缓解地区资源错配——基于长三角41个城市的经验分析

以长三角地区41个城市为研究对象,基于要素流动、空间溢出、政府干预等视角,运用多步多重中介效应模型、空间杜宾模型、面板门槛模型,分析互联网产业集聚对资源错配的作用机制。研究表明：①互联网产业集聚能够有效缓解劳动力错配和资本错配;②互联网产业集聚和资源错配间存在链式中介效应,表现为互联网产业集聚能够促进第二三产业协同集聚,从而抑制无效的劳动力流动和资本流动,提升劳动力流动和资本流动质量,进而缓解劳动力错配和资本错配;③互联网产业集聚具有空间溢出效应,能够显著改善本地区和邻近城市劳动力错配,同时,改善邻近地区资本错配;④政府干预具有显著的单门槛效应,互联网产业集聚对劳动力错配和资本错配的缓解在一定程度上受政府干预的影响。鉴于此,研究提出,长三角地区应进一步推进互联网产业集群建设与产业协同集聚发展,发挥互联网产业集聚对要素流动量与质的调节作用,同时,政府干预也要适度。     

组织文化平衡对创业期企业创新能力的影响机制研究

创业期企业往往面临多元化内外环境,选择何种组织文化结构对其创新能力提升至关重要。基于整合式创新和知识管理理论,以创业期企业群体任务断裂带为调节变量、知识流耦合为中介变量,分析组织文化平衡对创新能力的影响机制。通过对143家企业共514份数据的实证分析,结果表明：组织文化平衡对创业期企业知识流耦合和创新能力均具有倒U型影响;群体任务断裂带平方项负向调节组织文化平衡对知识流耦合的倒U型影响;群体任务断裂带负向调节组织文化平衡对创新能力的正效应;知识流耦合在组织文化平衡与创新能力关系间发挥部分中介作用。研究结论有助于丰富创业期组织文化结构与创新能力关系研究,并为创业期企业组织文化建设提供理论参考。     

Transmission channels of the resource curse in Africa: A time perspective

Most sub-Saharan African countries share the following characteristics: a strong dependence on natural resources, weak institutions, and relatively low growth levels preventing them to catch up with the rest of the developing world. This paper aims to unfold the natural resource curse by introducing a time perspective: long-term versus short-term effects. Following the two-step Engle and Granger procedure, an error-correction model is performed after a cointegration estimation. In addition, the paper clusters the countries to differentiate the natural resource curse mechanisms by level of institutional quality. Results are three-fold. On the long run, the negative impact of the dependence is confirmed for all categories. Countries with weak institutions are more vulnerable to the curse because the resource dependence not only negatively impacts long-term growth but also adversely impacts the recovery process. Finally, in a strong institutional environment, results point towards a potential positive impact of natural resources during recovery process.     

Cultural influences on brand extension judgments: Opposing effects of thinking style and regulatory focus

Asians are more likely than Westerners to have both a relational (vs. analytic) thinking style and a prevention (vs. promotion) focus. These two chronic dispositions can have opposite effects on their evaluations of brand extensions, the relative magnitude of which depends on whether the extensions are construed at a concrete or abstract level. Results of three experiments demonstrate that when an extension is psychologically close and construed at a concrete level, Asians' disposition to engage in relational thinking leads them to perceive the extension to be relatively more similar to the parent, leading them to evaluate the extension more favorably than do Westerners. On the other hand, when the extension is psychologically distant and construed at an abstract level and thus Asians are unlikely to engage in relational processing, their prevention focus leads them to perceive the extension to be riskier and evaluate it less favorably than do Westerners.     

石油工业标准化的文化思考

通过分析传统经济条件下石油工业的特征及其在中国工业化进程中的地位,探讨了社会主义市场经济条件下,石油工业标准的文化内涵及未来走向。     

Culture and accounting in Indonesia: An empirical examination

This study examines the relationships among the cultural characteristics of Indonesian society, reporting practices of Indonesian firms, and accounting standards promulgated by the Association of Indonesian Accountants. It is argued that an empirical relation exists between the change in cultural values, as conceived by Hofstede's theory of the five dimensions of cultural values (power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and time horizon and the change in accounting values as captures by Gray's four dimensions (professionalism, conservatism, secrecy, and uniformity). Using LISREL to evaluate data between 1981 and 1992, three of Hofstede's five cultural values (power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism) have significant relationships with one or more accounting value. This limited confirmation of the culture-accounting relationships suggest that particular historical and economic configurations must be considered in longitudinal analysis. The conflicting influences of extensive government involvement in the economy and nascent market competition are a possible explanation of the Indonesian results.     

地方政府财政压力与银行信贷资源配置效率--基于我国城市商业银行的研究证据北大核心

基于2005-2015年我国城市商业银行的样本,本文研究省级地方政府财政压力是否对商业银行信贷资金投向和信贷资源配置效率产生影响。研究发现,地方政府财政压力是影响城市商业银行信贷资源配置的重要因素。具体而言,省级地方政府的财政压力越大,省内城市商业银行投向地方国有经济部门的贷款比率越高。然而,信贷资源更多投向地方国有经济部门的银行有更高的不良贷款率和更差的会计业绩。进一步研究发现,在财政压力大的省份,城市商业银行投向地方国有经济部门的贷款比率越高,则贷款拨备率越低,这表明城市商业银行会通过盈余管理行为来应对监管压力。本文研究结论对商业银行监管以及防范化解金融风险有重要启示。