经济全球化下海关法面临的挑战及对策

经济全球化对各国海关的最大挑战就是如何处理好海关有效监管和便利贸易之间的矛盾。20世纪90年代以来各国海关法纷纷进行改革以适应经济发展需要。改革的主要内容包括:改革海关组织和通关程序,实现快捷通关、促进贸易发展;合理分配权利和义务,满足通关效率的需要;海关法的立法体例凸现通关制度的模式等。海关法的渊源则表现为国内海关法的国际化、国际海关法的国内化、区域海关法的兴起等特点。中国海关法应进一步完善海关法律体系,以适应经济全球化的挑战。     

新中国成立70年浙江省对外贸易发展的历程、特征、启示与展望

新中国成立70年来,浙江省对外贸易伴随着共和国的发展不断成长,从无到有,从小到大,从弱到强,在经济社会发展中的战略地位和作用持续增强。这期间,浙江省对外贸易在进出口商品结构、贸易方式、市场主体、贸易伙伴、业态发展等多个方面,均实现了历史性跨越。课题组以海关统计数据为基础,详细梳理分析了新中国成立以来浙江省对外贸易发展的主要历程以及特征,并结合当前日益严峻复杂的国际形势和经济全球化带来的挑战与机遇,提出进一步深化改革,大力发展实体经济,推动高质量发展、高水平开放的政策建议。     

The common external tariff of a customs union: Alternative approaches

The most prominent exception to the cardinal ‘most favoured nation’ principle of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) of 1947 is in its Article XXIV relating to Customs Unions (CUs) and Free Trade Areas (FTAs). This article required, first, the general incidence of the duties and regulations of commerce imposed by members of the CU with respect to trade with non-members shall not on the whole be higher or more restrictive than those that were applicable prior to the formation of CU or FTA, and, second, that substantially all the trade among members be free. Neither requirement was very operational, because the phrases ‘general incidence’ and ‘substantially all’ being difficult legal concepts to apply. The agreement of 1994 establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) has made ‘general incidence’ precise by defining it import-weighted average of height of barriers but without offering any rationale for the definition. Now that preferential trading arrangements such as FTAs are proliferating, reform of Article XXIV is of importance. This paper describes alternative approaches to the central question of common external tariffs of a CU. Taking off from the work of Kemp and Wan who showed the existence of a common external tariff of CU that keeps the welfare of non-members unchanged while revising that of the CU as compared to the situation prior to the formation of CU, it characterizes such a tariff structure for two leading benchmark examples as consumption-weighted average of pre-union tariffs and subsidies in the member countries.     

中国海关总署网站对外传播现状与建议——基于语料库的英语新闻翻译研究

海关总署网站英语新闻是中国海关对外传播的重要渠道,海关的机构特性决定了海关新闻的对外传播不能简单因循社会新闻翻译规范,而需为海关职能服务。利用语料库翻译研究法,可基于同类文本语料库的对比,分析文本特色,并对此现象背后的译者行为、驱动规范进行分析。因此,要了解海关总署网站的对外传播现状,可运用语料库分析软件从海关英语新闻语料库提取主题词,依据扎根理论进行三级编码,并与可比语料库主题词表相对照,完成当前对外传播现状的特色分析以及编译者在选材、编辑和转译环节的行为潜模式描写,并以系统、关联的视角析出行为背后的理念规范,从而有针对性地提供参考建议。     

信息技术在海关风险管理中的应用

长期以来,中国海关监管工作始终面临着一个突出的矛盾,即严格执法与高效运作的矛盾。借鉴国际海关通行的做法,提出了利用海关信息平台,构筑一个科学、系统、完善的风险管理体系,全面推进海关各项业务改革,加快海关现代化建设的步伐,提高海关管理水平。     

通关单柜员式自助打印系统的设计与实现

本研究成功研制的通关单自助打印系统,针对通关单柜台人工打印工作量大、费时耗力等问题,集成应用了真空吸纸控制、走纸直通道、快速升降台与大容量进纸容器、激光对射厚度检测、位移传感器检测、定制开发PR2打印机设备等多项光机电先进技术,设计实现具有纸张调度、OCR识别、打印控制3个子系统的打印装置,有效解决一式多联并可能带有附页的通关单安全、快速、批量打印问题;建立了与CIQ2000系统无缝衔接的应用系统,实现自动下载通关单数据,自助打印通关单,自动发送电子通关单到海关,自动核销通关单流水号等功能。该系统的应用提高了通关效率,提升了通关单签证质量,减轻了检务前台工作压力,有效缓解了人员不足的矛盾,为建设和扩展检验检疫自助报检大厅功能,为企业提供远程延伸服务奠定了基础。     

我国通关监管现代化与贸易便利化——基于中国背景的分析

随着经济全球化进程的加快,国际贸易迅猛发展,企业要求贸易便利化的呼声也日渐高涨.目前WTO对贸易便利化的关注主要集中在海关和跨境制度上,特别是在国际物流新发展和"零库存"等经营方式对"无障碍通关"的要求下,对海关通关监管效能提出了更高的要求.在这种形势下,海关作为国家进出境监督管理机关,面对飞速增长的业务量和相对有限的监管资源,如何积极应对贸易便利化对现代海关通关监管工作提出的要求,实现"严密监管"与"便捷通关"的平衡统一,是中国海关面临的重大课题.     

Is the growth of regionalism as significant as the headlines suggest? Lessons from agricultural trade

The proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) has motivated a significant number of ex post econometric studies investigating their agricultural trade impacts. The general conclusion is that RTAs increase members’ trade by as much as 150%, on average. In this article, we demonstrate that previous empirical work likely misrepresents the impact of RTAs because of considerable heterogeneity in the depth of economic integration pursued by these agreements. Contrary to previous studies, the results reveal that RTAs are not universally trade creating, and some agreements appear to provide very little benefit. “Deep integration agreements,” on the other hand, are largely responsible for the impressive agricultural trade flow increases reported in the literature. Testing the hierarchy of RTAs largely confirms the theory: the benefits of regionalism are an increasing function of the depth of economic integration.     

Fading attraction: Turkey's shifting relationship with the European Union

In this paper, we examine Turkey's changing economic relations with the European Union (EU) and the rest of the world during the past few decades. We argue that a combination of the EU's reluctance to accept Turkey as a member, internal economic and political developments, and the rise of economic and political opportunities elsewhere have shifted the country to diversify its economic relations around the world and reduced its reliance on the ties with Europe. This shift, which had started long before the 2008 global financial crisis and accelerated in its aftermath, seems to have helped Turkey weather relatively well the recent economic storms in Europe.     

海关内审发展变化及对策研究

摘要：海关内部审计工作经过了15年的变化发展，已经逐渐地融入到海关的各项改革当中，与改革同步，与风险同在，使我们的权力制约更加有效，使我们的工作更加有序，使我们的队伍更加健康。当前海关内部审计主要存在宏观性战略审计的思考和实践不足、内审方向校准不够及时、信息化和科技化的监督手段还不够充分三个方面的问题。推动海关内审工作进一步向前发展需要四个方面的工作：树立战略型内审监督理念和思维模式、完善与海关改革与发展相适应的内审监督体制、建立以风险为导向的内审工作模式、培育专家型的内审监督队伍。