贸易便利化对我国海关监管的挑战及其对策

随着经济全球化和贸易自由化的发展,简化和协调货物在国际贸易各项活动中所涉及的各种程序,已成为国际社会在货物跨境贸易中所追求的一个目标.贸易便利化就是旨在减少和统一市场进入的繁琐程序,为贸易发展创造良好的外部环境,因而对传统的货物通关模式提出了挑战.本文从WTO多哈回合谈判的议题内容出发,分析贸易便利化给全球经济流动所带来的益处,总结我国海关部门在实施贸易便利化方面的工作现状并提出了相应的对策建议.     

中国-东盟关税同盟区的贸易效应分析

东盟的未来取决于和中国经济一体化的程度，这是一个不争的事实。本文通过一般均衡分析模型、贸易创造和贸易转移模型、竞争效应模型、规模经济效应模型对中国东盟关税同盟区的贸易效应进行了前瞻性的分析和探索，旨在为加深中国东盟经济一体化进程提供理论上的支持。     

俄白哈关税同盟贸易效应及对中国新疆商品出口贸易的影响

关税同盟的贸易效应对区域外贸易国家和地区的出口贸易具有重要影响。文章应用巴拉萨模型分析了俄白哈关税同盟的贸易效应,结合贸易效应着重探索了俄白哈关税同盟对中国新疆商品出口贸易的影响。结果表明：俄白哈关税同盟的贸易转移效应明显,贸易创造效应初步显现;中国新疆与俄白哈三国的出口贸易紧密度减弱;中国新疆对俄白哈三国的出口贸易增速下降,出口商品贸易结构中的工业制成品占比逐渐下降;俄白哈关税同盟的贸易转移效应对中国新疆商品的出口贸易带来较大冲击。     

Is the growth of regionalism as significant as the headlines suggest? Lessons from agricultural trade

The proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) has motivated a significant number of ex post econometric studies investigating their agricultural trade impacts. The general conclusion is that RTAs increase members’ trade by as much as 150%, on average. In this article, we demonstrate that previous empirical work likely misrepresents the impact of RTAs because of considerable heterogeneity in the depth of economic integration pursued by these agreements. Contrary to previous studies, the results reveal that RTAs are not universally trade creating, and some agreements appear to provide very little benefit. “Deep integration agreements,” on the other hand, are largely responsible for the impressive agricultural trade flow increases reported in the literature. Testing the hierarchy of RTAs largely confirms the theory: the benefits of regionalism are an increasing function of the depth of economic integration.     

Fading attraction: Turkey's shifting relationship with the European Union

In this paper, we examine Turkey's changing economic relations with the European Union (EU) and the rest of the world during the past few decades. We argue that a combination of the EU's reluctance to accept Turkey as a member, internal economic and political developments, and the rise of economic and political opportunities elsewhere have shifted the country to diversify its economic relations around the world and reduced its reliance on the ties with Europe. This shift, which had started long before the 2008 global financial crisis and accelerated in its aftermath, seems to have helped Turkey weather relatively well the recent economic storms in Europe.     

Firm-level Utilization Rates of Regional Trade Agreements: Importers’ Perspective

This study provides evidence of firm-level utilization of regional trade agreements (RTAs) using transaction-level import data for Thailand. Two stylized facts are presented: some firms use RTA schemes in imports from RTA partner countries, whereas others do not; among firms that import from RTA partner countries under RTA schemes, some use RTA schemes for all transactions but others use them only for some transactions. To interpret these observations, we focus on the role of importers’ demand size. Specifically, we reveal that import firm-product-level RTA utilization rates are higher for larger-size importers in terms of demand, indicating that the difference in the share of utilization of RTA schemes across importers stems from the difference in the importers’ demand size. We also find that the utilization rates are higher when the preference margin, defined as most-favored-nation tariff rate minus RTA rate, is larger.     

China introduces the 24-hour rule

Recently, international movement measures that may be causing tension between the of cargo had been the subject of increasing border control needs for security and the needs for trade facilitations. On the one hand customs authorities are charged with the responsibility for policing a country＇s borders, and consequently they need to have in place measures to ensure that only legitimate trade takes place and that this trade does not present security concerns. On the other hand we have the requirements of traders, who benefit from an environment of trade facilitation with speedy and efficient movement of cargo across international borders, with minimal bureaucratic intervention. This paper focuses on and provides early discussion and comments on the possible ramifications of the introduction of the 24-hour rule in China, effective for all exports and imports of sea freight container traffic since January 1, 2009. The new rules will have significant impact on the logistics flows of exporters and importers alike. Specifically, the reporting requirements timelines are likely to result in increased costs in cargo processing at wharves that traders will have to bear; place added pressure on storage facilities at wharves, or at container depots; and may additionally increase the amount of inventory buffer because of the timing of the data reporting requirements. The paper concludes that security needs have prevailed over trade facilitation considerations and that traders should urgently implement a review of existing practices to ensure they comply with the China Customs requirements, whilst simultaneously minimizing cost increases.     

整合资源、集成信息、创新运营——亿通国际与上海口岸物流信息平台案例研究

大通关是对上海实施的提高口岸工作效率工程的简称,即在货物的进出口通关过程中,通过运用现代管理、信息化和高科技手段,对单证流、货物流、资金流和信息流进行整合,使之合理、规范、畅通,以最短的时间、最低的成本为企业提供最好的服务,体现政府行政监管的能力和效率,提高上海城市的综合竞争力。大通关工程的核心和基础就是建设上海大口岸物流信息和电子商务统一平台,又称大通关平台,亿通国际股份有限公司是负责平台建设和运营的实体。本文通过对亿通国际股份有限公司的实地调查,在大量第一手资料的基础上,对亿通国际与上海口岸物流信息平台案例进行了深入研究,提出其建设的经验与启示是整合资源、集成信息、创新运营,并认为大协作成就大通关,大通关促进大发展。     

俄白哈关税同盟对中国能源战略和地缘政治的影响

俄白哈关税同盟的形成不仅对三国经济乃至政治和军事产生重要影响,也将对上海合作组织框架内的区域经济合作以及中国与中亚俄罗斯国家的经贸关系产生重要影响。本文在阐述俄白哈关税同盟成立的深层背景和意义的基础上,深入分析了关税同盟对中国与俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦能源合作的影响,以及对中国在中亚国家以及上海合作组织中地位的影响。