基于改进Super-SBM模型的视窗分析

运用灰色关联分析方法确定科技投入相对科技产出的滞后期,用滞后影响系数法计算出修正的科技产出值,在视窗分析方法中引入考虑科技投入产出滞后效应的Super-SBM模型,评价9个先进制造业科技投入产出的效率值。视窗分析方法能够衡量同一个决策单元在不同时期的相对效率情况,Super-SBM模型更充分地考虑科技投入产出的松弛性问题,能进一步区分有效的决策单元,综合这两种方法使得本文的评价过程更符合实际。     

北京市种植业“一村一品”村农业产业竞争力研究

以北京市58个种植业“一村一品”村为研究对象,选取种植业“一村一品”村农业产业相关指标。首先,通过因子分析将筛选出的投入方面与产出方面原始评价指标分别进行降维处理,从而构建简化且合理的评价指标。其次,运用组合赋权超效率DEA模型,对种植业“一村一品”村农业产业效率值进行评价分析。最后,运用ESDA模型分析空间因素对“一村一品”村农业产业竞争力的影响,研究其农业产业竞争力是否存在空间相关性,探索种植业“一村一品”村农业产业竞争力在空间分布格局上的联系。结果表明：种植业“一村一品”村农业产业竞争力整体较强,但村间差异较大;农业产业竞争力具有空间相关性,存在集聚效应。据此,提出培育新型经营主体、选准高质量特色产业、协调各区域内互补发展、加强跨区域科技合作交流等建议,推动北京市种植业“一村一品”村农业产业竞争力提升。     

基于DEA的物流产业效率测度实证研究——基于我国31个省、市、自治区2008年投入产出数据

文章运用DEA的CCR模型和“超效率”(Super-Efficiency)模型,根据我国31个省、市、自治区2008年物流产业投入产出数据,利用Deap2.1和DEA-Sotver-J.V两个软件对物流产业投入产出效率进行实证研究.结果表明:以上海为代表的15个省市、自治区物流产业投入产出这到相对有效,以北京为代表16个省、市、自治区存在投入冗余,以内蒙古为代表的欠发达地区存在投入不足,产出效率偏低.同时,在非DEA有效省、市、自治区,表现出规模效率大于纯技术效率,进而影响了相对效率,文章对此进行投影分析,并以内蒙古为例,探讨了物流产业投入产出如何实施DEA效率改进.     

加强“三北”防护林工程资金管理的思路与对策

介绍了三北防护林现行投入机制、资金管理状况及使用效益,提出今后加强资金管理的基本思路、遵循原则和建设重点,并针对存在的问题提出加强资金管理的对策。     

运用灰色理论对石家庄市农业经济发展的预测

在讨论和分析现状及存在问题的基础上,运用灰色预测理论对石家庄市农业发展进行了预测,目的是为有关部门制定相关政策提供依据。     

Achievements and gaps in tef productivity improvement practices in the marginal areas of Northern Ethiopia: implications for future research directions

Tef is the most important crop in Ethiopia and is well-adapted to growing environments, but grain yields are low. The government is therefore promoting the adoption of improved varieties, inorganic fertilizers and new planting techniques. This study gathered information on the use of new agronomic practices and barriers to their adoption through a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 60 farmers or respondents from each of 4 districts of Tigray region in northern Ethiopia viz Laelay-Maichew, Medebay-Zana, Ahferom and Alamata. Data were coded and analysed using SPSS software. Except for animal feed and crop rotation, there were significant differences between districts in the relative importance of several criteria for different uses. Improved varieties were used by the majority of respondents in all districts and fertilizers in all except Alamata where severe moisture stress dictated the choice of variety and reduced fertilizer application. Weed control was mainly by hand except in Alamata where chemical control was common because of the predominance of broad-leaved weeds. Transplanting maximized the yield of tef, but a cost–benefit analysis showed that row sowing was more profitable. The study concluded that new varieties better adapted to the likelihood of reduced rainfall and that respond efficiently to fertilizer inputs need to be developed. Until suitable technologies are available, high labour costs would in part dictate some agronomic practices, even if this led to lower yields.     

The impact of conservation tillage on maize yield and input demand: the case of smallholder farmers in north‐west Ethiopia

This study analyses the economics of conservation tillage (CT) with respect to its effect on maize yield and chemical fertiliser, herbicide, and female and male labour demand. We estimate production and input demand functions using seemingly unrelated regressions on plot‐level cross‐sectional farm household data collected in the north‐west of Ethiopia. A two‐step control function is applied to address potential endogeneity bias due to the inclusion of the CT adoption decision as an explanatory variable. Our results show that CT increases maize yield and chemical fertiliser demand. Additionally, the results show that the adoption of CT reduces female and male labour required for crop production. However, this is achieved through the increased use of herbicides, which might have an undesirable health and environmental effects.     

基于环境绩效的长江经济带工业用水效率

使用2005—2014年长江经济带11个省(市)的面板数据,基于投入导向的超效率DEA-CCR模型,测算含有非合意产出的全要素工业水资源利用率,利用Malmquist指数对全要素工业水资源利用率进行分解,分析工业水资源利用率提高和降低的主要影响因素,对全要素工业水资源利用率进行收敛性分析,判断各地区工业水资源利用率差异的变化趋势。研究结果表明:不同省(市)工业水资源利用率差距明显,下游地区最高,中游地区最低;2005—2014年,长江经济带区域工业水资源利用率总体呈提高趋势;科技进步是推动全要素工业水资源利用率提高的主要因素;长江流域工业水资源利用率呈收敛趋势,省(市)工业水资源利用率差距在缩小。     

国际资本引入对商业银行效率影响的实证研究

引入国际战略投资者是国内商业银行提高自身竞争力的有效途径之一。本文首先对引入国际资本后可能产生的各项效应进行分析,继而运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法对引入国际战略投资者前后各商业银行的效率进行了测度,说明其变化情况;并以可能造成效率变化的因素为自变量,银行效率为因变量建立线形回归模型,发现资本充足率高低对银行效率并无直接影响,但产权结构与银行效率显著相关。最后给出相关政策建议。     

基于DEA方法的高校办学效益评价指标体系研究

介绍了建立DEA模型输入输出指标体系的原则,在对高校投入产出进行全面分析的基础上,对高校办学效益DEA评价指标体系进行了探讨.