Estimating persistent and transient technical efficiency and their determinants in the presence of heterogeneity and endogeneity

We develop an estimation procedure that generates consistent estimates of the technology parameters, long-run (persistent) and short-run (transient) technical inefficiencies and the marginal effects of their determinants for the stochastic frontier model developed by Colombi et al. (2014, Journal of Productivity Analysis 42, 123) and Kumbhakar et al. (2014, Journal of Productivity Analysis 41, 321). Our approach accounts for three sources of potential endogeneity: (i) unobserved heterogeneity; (ii) simultaneity of input use with both types of technical efficiency; (iii) potential correlation of the noise term with the regressors. Using this approach we examine the effect of direct payments and farm size on the persistent and transient technical efficiency of French crop farms before and after the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy decoupling reform of 2003. Our results show that subsidy payments per hectare of utilised agricultural land had a significant positive effect on persistent technical efficiency and a significant negative effect on transient technical efficiency during the period before decoupling. For the period after the reform, the effect of subsidies is found to be significantly negative for persistent technical efficiency and insignificant for transient technical efficiency. The overall effect of subsidies on technical efficiency is found to be negative in both periods, albeit substantially lower in the period after decoupling. The effect of farm size on technical efficiency is found to be significant only for the period prior to the reform: it reduced persistent technical inefficiency but increased transient technical inefficiency during that period.     

Resource utilisation Efficiency: A South African Provincial Evaluation

The objective of this paper is to analyse the utilisation of production capacity and total under‐utilisation in order to identify weak‐performing industries across the nine South African provinces. Detecting inefficiencies within the different provinces will help to identify where sound managerial or government intervention is required, which can contribute to the future success of the New Growth Path Framework and the Strategic Integrated Projects. Using a multistage data envelopment analysis model at the subnational level, several categories of production factors are explored: intermediate demand, labour, capital, as well as taxes and subsidies. The results emphasise South Africa's weak infrastructure and the failure to effectively promote stability in managing factor inputs. The results further illustrate that industry scale efficiency for water and electricity are poorest across all provinces, highlighting the current water and energy supply concerns in South Africa and problem areas associated with the National Development Program.     

南非基础研究经费投入格局和近期出台的计划与举措

2014年5月南非新一届内阁成立,其新任科技部长宣布将在未来5年内实现RD占GDP比重为1.5%的目标,显示出南非科技投入将进入一个新的历史阶段。南非基础研究投入一直处于稳步增长态势,其政府是主要投入力量。近年来,南非针对基础研究出台了一系列的相关战略、计划与措施,如:加大对大科学计划的支持;出台了生物经济战略;加强对科学基础设施建设的规划;扩大卓越中心建设,提升基础研发能力;大力吸引科技人才,加强科研领军人才队伍建设等。期望通过对南非基础研究投入的发展和格局变化的介绍,以及对南非政府出台的相关政策措施的分析研究,对我国依靠创新驱动和提高基础研究能力具有一定的借鉴意义。     

低碳化产业结构调整效率的成本收益分析

我国在加速工业化和城市化进程,但同时面临着较大的减排压力的背景下,低碳化产业结构调整是协调经济发展与生态环境保护的关键环节,而如何评价与改善低碳化产业结构调整效率已成为亟待解决的问题。文章采用DEA交叉模型,对中国1996~2012年各年度低碳化产业结构调整的效率进行成本收益分析,结果表明各年度低碳化产业结构调整效率有明显差异,且起伏较大;进一步分析宏观经济政策对低碳化产业结构调整效率的影响,从经济制度、产业政策、环保市场等宏观角度提出政策建议。     

安徽省主要城市工业用电效率及影响因素分析--基于DEA及Tobit两阶段模型

随着节约型社会的构建,安徽省不断加大对能源使用效率的监督和管理力度,为了明确安徽省近年来工业用电效率及其影响因素,采用数据包络及托宾回归模型对2004-2011年安徽省17个主要城市工业用电效率进行评价和分析。研究结果表明：（1）自2004年以来,安徽省主要城市工业用电效率一直处在上升阶段,但是与最优水平仍存在一定差距,同时还发现工业增加值与用电效率之间并不存在显著关系;（2）工业经济发达城市唯有依靠技术效率来提升用电效率,工业经济欠发达城市则需通过规模经济来实现用电效率的改善。（3）对外开放水平、节电意识、科技水平以及政府支出对工业用电效率有正向影响。     

输入型通货膨胀的文献综述

随着我国经济对外开放程度的加深,我国通过膨胀越来越易受国际输入型因素的影响。因此,首先通过对各学派所形成的输入型通货膨胀的货币论、输入型通货膨胀的凯恩斯派、小国开放模型以及结构论四个理论进行梳理,并对国际贸易渠道、资本流动渠道下的传导机制以及汇率传导机制加以评述。基于此,吸收了国内外学者对输入型通货膨胀理论及实证研究的重要成果,梳理成文献综述,以期对相关研究有所帮助。     

我国区域创新系统效率差异及收敛性分析——基于2002—2011年省际面板数据

建设创新型国家是我国重大战略举措,而区域创新系统效率为决定创新型国家建设成败的关键因素。本文基于DEA方法,采用2002—2011年省际面板数据,计算了我国31个省域创新系统效率,并用收敛检验方法,从全国、东、中、西部4个维度,分析了区域创新系统效率是否趋同。结果发现：近10年来,在全国层面,技术效率、规模效率提高明显,而纯技术效率没有明显提升;在区域层面,技术效率呈现东部高于中部,中部高于西部;纯技术效率却呈现东部高于西部,西部高于中部;规模效率东部、中部相差不大,东、中部高于西部。收敛性分析发现：在全国层面,技术效率、纯技术效率趋同,但规模效率没有显著趋同;在区域层面,东部创新效率的趋同性远好于中、西部。     

Domestic demand and global production in the Eurozone: A multi-regional input-output assessment of the global crisis

This paper studies the effects of domestic and foreign demand impulses in euro area economies following the Great Recession of 2008–2009 and the Eurozone crisis of 2011–2012. Using a global Input–Output framework we apply a set of metrics to assess spillover effects of international trade in intermediates triggered by the dynamics of final demand. Our findings suggest that while cross-country trade spillovers have played a crucial role during the Great Recession, they have had a moderate impact when compared with the role of domestic sources of final demand during the Eurozone crisis. Hence, a strategy of coordinated fiscal austerity cannot be sustained by empirical evidence.     

基于数据包络分析模型的地区经济效率评价

地区经济效率的有效性不仅取决于经济总量增长的多少,而且取决于投入转化为产出的效率。本文运用DEA方法对各地区经济效率有效性进行评价,可见地区经济不发迭的原因在于生产效率不高。敌各经济效率DEA无效的地区应调整生产结构,通过优化生产规模达到促进经济增长的效果。     

佛山市绿色创新促进经济高质量发展路径研究

在研究佛山市绿色创新投入、产出变化规律的基础上,应用NDDF模型测算佛山市2010—2019年10年间的绿色创新效率,并与珠三角其他城市进行对比,归纳和凝练佛山市绿色创新的特点。结果表明,佛山五区的创新投入差异较大,非期望产出情况并不理想,且佛山市绿色创新水平处于珠三角较后位置。佛山市还需进一步促进各区绿色创新协同发展,对各区实施差异化管理,进一步加大人才培养及节能减排力度。