试析民族自治地方教育财政自治的基本内涵

财政自治与教育财政自治同属于我国民族自治地方依法享有的民族自治权利.由于我国多年来教育财政投入的不足,致使民族自治地方的教育自治权难以得到根本保障.本文主要对财政自治与民族教育财政自治的基本内涵进行阐释,并对教育财政自治与财政自治的关系作了分析,以利于对我国教育财政投入和民族教育财政自治问题作进一步研究.     

The Adjustment Property

An input–output (IO) system which is capable of producing any semi-positive net product by an adequate choice of the activity levels of its processes satisfies the ‘adjustment’ property. We analyze under which conditions the adjustment property holds for IO systems in which some produced goods have a purely intermediate character. The peculiarity of these pure capital goods is that final demand for them is identically zero. One of the ways to deal with this type of system is to eliminate the pure capital goods, by means of vertical integration.     

The economic impact of tourism in SIDS

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are faced with many challenges to economic development. Tourism is seen as a viable, and sometimes, only means of economic growth. This research compares the economic impact of tourism to seven SIDS. The research employs input output analysis, linkage analysis and a CGE model to assess the macroeconomic and sectoral impacts of increased tourism in these islands. The findings show that the transportation sector remains a key sector. The tourism income multipliers show that tourism generates a large amount of economic activity but the income that remains in the destinations is often very small. The results show that taking advantage of economies of scale maybe a way to maximize the benefits from tourism.     

中国省际资源环境综合绩效测度

运用了规模报酬可变条件下投入导向的BCC模型,以污染物为非期望产出,测算了2000-2010年中国分省的资源环境综合绩效。在对资源环境绩效进行历史追溯和区域差异分析的基础上,得出整体上绩效水平下降,中西部地区严重恶化的基本结论,并提出加强环境规制、加快产业转型和技术升级以及加强区域间环境协调合作等政策建议。     

New Zealand Bank Mergers and Efficiency Gains

ABSTRACT

This paper uses accounting ratios and DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to explore the efficiency impacts of 6 bank mergers in New Zealand between 1989 and 1998. The paper is the first reported application of DEA to the New Zealand banking sector, and its methodology is based around that used by Avkiran in his study published in the Journal of Banking and Finance in 1999 (Avkiran, 1999b).

Consistent with earlier research, acquiring banks were found to be generally larger than their targets, although they were not consistently more efficient. In a majority of cases the merger led to an increase in efficiency, consistent with a trend observed for the banking sector as a whole. No clear conclusions could be drawn on possible public benefits from the mergers.     

现阶段我国经济增长的源泉分析

从总体上讲,我国近些年来的经济增长应是制度转轨、对外开放与二元经济转型等因素相互作用与协同发展的结果;在我国的经济增长过程中,制度-经济增长论与二元经济发展论可以同时成立;不过,从各因素对经济增长的总量贡献上看,二元经济转型的贡献要远大于其他因素.这说明了我国的经济增长不仅享受了渐进式的制度变迁的好处,而且也享受到了转轨的"后发优势".当然,从各种因素对经济增长作用的发展趋势与作用的空间性上看,制约我国未来经济增长的核心经济因素将会从以往的经济制度瓶颈转向产业结构升级与技术进步上.     

Intellectual capital and firm performance: evidence from Indian banking sector

In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the entire Indian banking industry was paralysed and their performance was shattered by the unfolding of enormous cases of Non-performing Assets (NPA). The study estimates the operating efficiency of 40 Indian banks for 5 years (2011–15) as a proxy of performance measure using the output-oriented DEA-BCC model. We find that nearly 62% of the state-owned banks and 47% of the private banks are inefficient indicating that the inefficient banks need to reduce their inputs or improve their output to become efficient. The study further investigates the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and bank performance using a truncated regression model. The regression results show that out of the three components of intellectual capital, only human capital efficiency is positively and significantly associated with operational efficiency while structural capital and finance capital have a negative impact on the efficiency of banks. The study concludes that to achieve competitive edge banks should invest in their human capital. The results are robust in the case of financial variables taken as a proxy for performance.     

Evaluation of Efficiency in Primary Health Care Centres: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis

The aim of this paper is to analyse one of the principal problems in primary health care management: the evaluation of efficiency in primary health care centres. Given the special characteristics of measuring outcome in primary care it is necessary to evaluate the performance of centres from a quality perspective too. The methodology used, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), allows us to introduce quantitative and qualitative variables in a sample of primary care centres in a Spanish province. Once the efficiency of the different centres is known, we investigate the sensitivity of the methodology to changes in the definition of outputs used.     

Using life cycle approaches to enhance the value of corporate environmental disclosures

As the focus of environmental policy and management shifts from cleaner production at the process level towards greener products as a whole, stakeholders ask for transparency throughout the entire value chain. This article assesses the comprehensiveness and the value of currently reported quantitative environmental disclosures of 97 listed companies from the automotive, banking, pharmaceutical and electronic hardware sectors. Findings indicate that quantitative environmental disclosures have many limitations, including incompleteness and inconsistency regarding corporate activities and sites, and limited internal data coherence. For many sectors, corporate disclosures only cover a very small share of the total environmental burden of products. A stepwise procedure is proposed to verify and improve the quality and completeness of reporting using life cycle approaches. We present simple data quality tests, and we introduce the concept of the environmental influence matrix, which provides a solid basis for the identification and prioritization of key performance indicators and areas of action. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.