存款准备金率与中小企业贷款成本——基于某地级市中小企业信贷数据的实证研究

存款准备金率的调整会直接影响企业的贷款成本,也可能引起不同类型贷款成本反应的横截面差异。本文利用我国某地级市中小企业贷款数据实证检验了存款准备金率变动对中小企业贷款成本的异质性影响。研究发现,存款准备金率上调显著提高了中小企业的贷款成本,且银行特征、企业特征和贷款特征是影响贷款成本对存款准备金率政策异质性反应的重要因素:(1)相较于国有大型银行,存款准备金率调整对股份制银行、城商行和农商行的贷款利率影响更大;(2)存款准备金率调整对小型企业、低信用等级企业和非国有企业的贷款利率影响更大;(3)贷款类型方面,存款准备金率调整对短期贷款、小额贷款和流动资金类贷款的贷款利率影响更大。本文研究为存款准备金率政策传导机制研究提供了新的视角,并为我国差异化的存款准备金率政策、“定向降准”等货币政策提供了经验支持。     

Friends or Foes? Mobile money interaction with formal and informal finance

Access to formal financial services is a key determinant of financial inclusion and yet, informal mechanisms still dominate the financial system in developing countries. In this context, the purpose of our article is to investigate how the growing effort to harness mobile money designed for unbanked individuals may help to overcome barriers to access formal financial services. Using a unique dataset obtained from an individual-level survey conducted in Burkina Faso, we explore the interplay between mobile money innovation and pre-existing formal and informal financial instruments. Our main findings show that, overall there are no differences in the inclination of mobile money users and non-users to make deposits in formal or informal deposit instruments. However, a closer investigation reveals suggestive evidence that it may increase the probability of participants in informal mechanisms to make deposits in formal financial instruments, especially using a bank account. Moreover, considering disadvantaged groups, we find for women, irregular income and less educated individuals that mobile money may increase their probability to make deposits in a bank and/or credit union accounts. Our results are robust to using instrumental variables and propensity score matching techniques that mitigate the endogeneity problem. They also pass a number of robustness checks as well as considering an alternative dataset. Given the low access to formal financial services in developing countries, our findings taken together indicate how the increasing adoption of mobile money may act as a stepping-stone towards financial inclusion. (JEL Classification C83, D14, G21)     

Capital regulation,deposit insurance and bank risk: International evidence from normal and crisis periods

In this paper, we examine the impact of capital regulation on bank risk and the moderating role of deposit insurance on the relationship between capital regulation and bank risk during both normal and crisis periods. Using an international sample of banks from 111 countries, our results show that stringent capital regulation reduces bank default risk, in general, during normal growth period, and this effect is not conditioned by the existence of explicit deposit insurance. Further, stringent capital regulation in place during the pre-crisis period reduces bank default risk during the crisis period, and this effect is stronger for countries with explicit deposit insurance during the pre-crisis period. These results have important policy implications to design the optimal bank regulations.     

市场化条件下人民币同业存款的定价策略

随着人民币同业存款利率市场化的逐步推进,人民币同业存款定价策略研究具有重要的现实意义在市场化条件下,商业银行对各种金融产品定价是大趋势。文章结合实际,对人民币同业存款的定价作了策略分析。最后用实例展现了商业银行人民币同业存款定价的过程,并提出了一些值得关注的问题。     

The pricing of deposit insurance considering bankruptcy costs and closure policies

The paper aims to study the pricing issue of deposit insurance with explicit consideration of bankruptcy costs and closure policies. Full coverage from deposit insurance is imposed by many regulators to stabilize the banking system in the current financial crisis, despite of the potential moral hazard problems. We argue that bankruptcy cost is an important factor in pricing deposit insurance, especially when the insured institution is insolvent. Applying the isomorphic relationship between deposit insurance and put option, we first derive a closed-form solution for the pricing model with bankruptcy costs and closure policies. Then, we modify the barrier option approach to price the deposit insurance in which the bankruptcy cost is set as a function of asset return volatility and more realistic closure policies considering possible forbearance can be accounted for. The properties of the models are supported by numerical simulations and are consistent with the risk-based pricing scheme.     

银行业金融机构小面额备付金限额合理性研究

本文假定流通中现钞货币总量是充足的、现钞货币券别结构是完整性的这一命题,然后运用现钞货币券别结构权数理论来确定各券别之间的结构权数和权重,应用该理论确定银行业金融机构小面额备付金合理性限额,最后对银行业金融机构保障小面额备付金最低限额提出具体监督管理建议。     

存款偏离度考核机制的政策解读与商业银行应对之策

中国人民银行等三家机构近期联合推出的存款偏离度考核机制引起了商业银行高管对传统负债业务管理思维的新思考。存款偏离度过高问题主要受内外两种力量所驱动,对金融市场产生了一定的负面影响。加强对存款偏离度考核将具有积极的现实意义。为有效应对新的考核机制对传统负债业务管理造成的影响,商业银行须以《通知》精神为导向,扬弃传统经营管理观念,塑造新的经营管理思维,从规范化的经营理念、科学化的绩效考核、精细化的负债管理、差异化的业务创新、全面化的风险管控等五方面协同并进,力促银行自身的转型升级。     

论银行存款的法律属性

我国立法和学界对于银行存款的法律属性存在认识上的偏差,将银行存款的所有权界定为存款人享有,会造成理论与实践中一系列难以化解的悖论。我国理论和立法实践应当明确＂银行是存款资金的唯一所有者,对存款资金享有所有权＂,这不仅是银行资金融通业务的最低要求,而且也是市场经济和金融业繁荣发展的前提与保证。     

关于我国存款保险制度建设的几点思考

存款保险制度是当今大多数国家金融体系一个重要的组成部分,是世界上公认的金融安全网的三大基本要素之一,它在保护存款人利益和维护金融体系稳定方面发挥着积极作用。我国目前实行的隐性存款保险制度有许多弊端,不利于我国金融业的稳定。因此,建立具有中国特色的存款保险制度已成为我国深化金融改革、完善金融体制的一项战略任务。本文在对我国隐性存款保险制度进行分析的基础上提出了建立适合我国国情的存款保险制度的基本设想。     

Market discipline and deposit insurance reform in Japan

On April 1, 2002, the Japanese government lifted a blanket guarantee of all deposits and began limiting the coverage of time deposits. This paper uses this deposit insurance reform as a natural experiment to investigate the relationship between deposit insurance coverage and market discipline. I find that the reform raised the sensitivity of interest rates on deposits, and that of deposit quantity to default risk. In addition, the interest rate differentials between partially insured large time deposits and fully insured ordinary deposits increased for risky banks. These results suggest that the deposit insurance reform enhanced market discipline in Japan. I also find, however, that too-big-to-fail (TBTF) policy became a more important determinant of interest rates and deposit allocation after the reform, thereby partially offsetting the positive effects of the deposit insurance reform on overall market discipline.